The Effect of Environmental Management Accounting on Environmental Performance with Eco-Efficiency as a Mediating Variable
Keywords:
Environmental Management Accounting; Eco-Efficiency; Environmental Performance.
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) on environmental performance, with eco-efficiency as a mediating variable in Indonesian manufacturing companies. This research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach by examining 29 article records published between 2021 and 2026. The synthesis focuses on four relationships among the research variables. The findings indicate that EMA tends to have a positive relationship with environmental performance by helping companies control environmental costs, optimize resource utilization, and reduce pollution. EMA also has the potential to improve eco-efficiency, although empirical evidence remains limited. Meanwhile, the relationship between eco-efficiency and environmental performance produces mixed findings. The mediating role of eco-efficiency is theoretically relevant but has not been extensively examined in Indonesian manufacturing companies. Based on the Natural Resource-Based View, EMA represents an information capability that supports operational efficiency and improved environmental performance.
References
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Chetanraj, D., & Senthil, K. (2023). Forty-Seven Years of Environmental Management Accounting Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 14(5), 2207. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.5(69).05
Gunarathne, N. (2022). Environmental Management Accounting. In Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management (pp. 1–8). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_1096-1
Hart, S. L. (1995). A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 986–1014. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9512280033
Higgins, J. P. T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M., & Welch, V. A. (2019). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (2nd ed.). The Cochrane Collaboration.
Huppes, G., & Ishikawa, M. (2005). A Framework for Quantified Eco‐efficiency Analysis. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 9(4), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1162/108819805775247882
IFAC. (2005). International guidance document: Environmental management accounting. In International Federation of Accountants. https://www.ifac.org/knowledge-gateway/p rofessional-accountants-business-paib/publications/international-guidance-document-environmental-management-accounting.
ISO. (2021). ISO 14031:2021 Environmental management—Environmental performance evaluation—Guidelines. . In International Organization for Standardization. https://www.iso.org/standard/81453.html.
ISO. (2011). ISO 14051:2011 Environmental management—Material flow cost accounting—General framework. In International Organization for Standardization. https://www.is o.org/standard/50986.html.
Javed, F., Yusheng, K., Iqbal, N., Fareed, Z., & Shahzad, F. (2022). A systematic review of barriers in adoption of environmental management accounting in Chinese SMEs for sustainable performance. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.832711
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KLH. (2026). KLH/BPLH emphasizes that the business world is not enough just to obey, environmental performance must be upgraded. In Ministry of Environment/Environmental Control Agency. https://kemenlh.go.id/news/detail/klhbplh-tegaskan-dunia-usaha-tak-cukup-sekadar-taat-kinerja-lingkungan-harus-naik-kelas.
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Metwally, A. B. M., Ali, M. A. S., & Ellelly, N. N. A. M. (2026). The Impact of Blockchain Technology on Sustainable Environmental Performance: The Moderating Role of Environmental Management Accounting. Sustainability (Switzerland), 18(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083974
Mia, M. M., Kabir, M. R., Zakaria, N. B., Islam, M. S., Sobhani, F. A., & Nesa, Z. (2026). Environmental Management Accounting and Environmental Performance: Mediation, Moderation, and Governance in Bangladesh's Garment Industry. Sustainability (Switzerland), 18(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115737
Mukwarami, S., & van der Poll, H. M. (2024). Critical environmental management accounting practices influencing service delivery of growing cities in a developing economy: a review and conceptual framework. In Environmental Systems and Decisions (Vol. 44, Number 3, pp. 710–739). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-023-09960-9
Nagari, A. (2023). The Antecedents and Consequenses of Environmental Management Accounting Implementation in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Multiparadigm Accounting Research (JMAR), 1(2), 81–90.
Nyakuwanika, M., van der Poll, H. M., & van der Poll, J. A. (2021). A conceptual framework for greener gold mining through environmental management accounting practices (Emaps): The case of zimbabwe. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810466
Permatasari, A. I., Marisa, D., Septiani, E., Windhi, W., Oktavia, D. T., Accounting, J., & Economics, F. (2025). The Effect of Environmental Management Accounting Implementation on Financial Performance: A Systematic Literature Review. Integrative Perspectives of Social and Science Journal, 2(2), 2259.
Rahajeng, L. W., Realita, T. N., & Firdaus, R. (2025). Proceeding Iconies Faculty Of Economics UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Achieving Environmental Performance Through Environmental Management Accounting And Individual Factors: A Literature Based View. International Conference of Islamic Economics and Business, 11.
Rahmawati, E., Nazaruddin, I., Widiastuti, H., Sofyani, H., & Kholid, A. W. N. (2024). Environmental accounting in public sector: systematic literature review. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 25(1), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v25i1.21344
Said, D., Sukoharsono, E. G., Darmawati, D., Juanda, M. R. P., Amalia, A. R., & Madein, A. (2026). Integration of Material Flow Cost Accounting and Resource Efficiency into Green Accounting: A Strategy for Company Sustainability. Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management, 14(02). https://doi.org/10.5890/jeam.2026.06.003
Saputra, K. A. K., Jayawarsa, A. A. K., & Laksmi, P. A. S. (2025). The Role Of Environmental Management Accounting As A Mediation Of The Influence Of Green Product And Green Process Innovation To Improve Sustainability Performance. Intellectual Economics, 19(2), 78–98. https://doi.org/10.13165/IE-25-19-2-03
Saputra, K. A. K., Subroto, B., Rahman, A. F., & Saraswati, E. (2022). Eco-Efficiency and Energy Audit to Improve Environmental Performance: An Empirical Study of Hotels in Bali-Indonesia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 12(6), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13565
Sari, M., Maya, I., & Sari, R. (2026). The Effect of Environmental Management Accounting on Firm Performance with Management Commitment as a Moderating Variable: A Literature Review. Journal of Management, Science, 5(01), 1–18.
Shadrina, N., Ilyas, A., Alam, S., Kalsum, U., Accounting, J., Economics, F., & Business, D. (2025). The Application of Environmental Management Accounting as a Form of Eco-Efficiency in Supporting Business Sustainability of Manufacturing Companies (Case Study of PTPN Persero Sugar Factory Takalar). Center of Economic Student Journal, 8(2), 2621–8186. https://doi.org/10.56750/csej.v8i2.1159
Sharaf, A., & Hussein, H. H. (2023). Carbon Management Accounting System and Corporate Environmental Performance: A Conceptual Framework. International Conference on Economy Management, and Bysiness (IC-EMBus), 1, 386–398. https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/icembus
Sihombing, S., Mahardi Lestari, D., Fitriani Nasution, M., Eva Rini, L., & Bangka Belitung State Manufacturing, P. (2025). Analysis of Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions on Manufacturing Costs in Indonesia. Journal Of Community Development and Disaster Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.37680/jcd.v7i1.6899
Suciati, F., Anhar, N., Safitri, N., & Setiatin, T. (2023). Antecedents Environmental Management Accounting: A Literature Review. Proaksi Journal, 10(1), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.3 2534/jpk.v10i1.3682
Swalih, M. M., Ram, R., & Tew, E. (2024). Environmental management accounting for strategic decision-making: A systematic literature review. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(7), 6335–6367. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3828
WCBSD. (2000). Eco-efficiency: Creating more value with less impact. In World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
Wulan, N. A., Dewi, T., Atmadja, A. T., Desak, Werastuti, N., Aziz, S. A., & Ganesha, U. (2026). Management Accounting Mechanisms For Organizational Sustainability Under Environmental Uncertainty: A Systematic Literature Review. Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR) Peer Reviewed-International Journal, 10, 1020–1044. https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR
Xia, L., Fatema, N., Rahman, M. M., & Hossain, A. (2025). Nexus of environmental management accounting, and carbon emission management on environmental, social, and governance performance: evidence from symmetrical and asymmetrical approaches. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05465-9
Yanti, L. D., Jatiningrum, C., & Oktari, Y. (2026). Eco-Efficiency Assessment of Circular Economy Strategies in Indonesian Textile Manufacturing Process. ASET Journal (Research Accounting), 18(1), 183–196. https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v18i1.98654
Zatini, G., Della Porta, A., & Za, S. (2025). Deciphering Barriers and Strategies in Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) Adoption: A Comprehensive Two-Decade Analysis. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 32(3), 3355–3370. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.3130
Zhen, T., & Rahman, M. M. (2024). Greening Emerging Economies: Enhancing Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance through Environmental Management Accounting and Green Financing. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(11). https://doi.org/10.33 90/su16114753
Al Anssari, M. A. (2023). Environmental Cost Accounting: Literature Review. Scientific Research Journal of Economics and Business Management, 3(2). https://doi.org/https://isrpgr oup.org/srjebm/
Appannan, J. S., Mohd Said, R., Ong, T. S., & Senik, R. (2023). Promoting sustainable development through strategies, environmental management accounting and environmental performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(4), 1914–1930. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3227
Regu, M., Hamid, Masdiah A., & Habidin, N. F. (2021). A Review of Environmental Management Accounting Practices in Malaysia. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 13(4s), 588–595.
Chetanraj, D., & Senthil, K. (2023). Forty-Seven Years of Environmental Management Accounting Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 14(5), 2207. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.5(69).05
Gunarathne, N. (2022). Environmental Management Accounting. In Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management (pp. 1–8). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_1096-1
Hart, S. L. (1995). A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 986–1014. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9512280033
Higgins, J. P. T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M., & Welch, V. A. (2019). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (2nd ed.). The Cochrane Collaboration.
Huppes, G., & Ishikawa, M. (2005). A Framework for Quantified Eco‐efficiency Analysis. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 9(4), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1162/108819805775247882
IFAC. (2005). International guidance document: Environmental management accounting. In International Federation of Accountants. https://www.ifac.org/knowledge-gateway/p rofessional-accountants-business-paib/publications/international-guidance-document-environmental-management-accounting.
ISO. (2021). ISO 14031:2021 Environmental management—Environmental performance evaluation—Guidelines. . In International Organization for Standardization. https://www.iso.org/standard/81453.html.
ISO. (2011). ISO 14051:2011 Environmental management—Material flow cost accounting—General framework. In International Organization for Standardization. https://www.is o.org/standard/50986.html.
Javed, F., Yusheng, K., Iqbal, N., Fareed, Z., & Shahzad, F. (2022). A systematic review of barriers in adoption of environmental management accounting in Chinese SMEs for sustainable performance. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.832711
Isaiah, J. C. S., Ramachandaran, D. S., & Urvesh, C. (2026). Natural Resources for Human Health Original Research Environmental Management Accounting Adoption in SMEs: A Mixed-Industry Systematic Review and Integrative Conceptual Framework Natural Resources for Human Health. Natural Resources For Human Health, 6(10s), 1277–1303. https: //orcid.org/0009-0001-1561-9477
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. (2025). Issuing HEESI 2024, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources emphasizes the importance of integrated energy data. In Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. https://esdm.go.id/id/media-center/arsip-berita/terbitkan-heesi-2024-kementerian-esdm-tegaskan-pentingnya-data-energi-terpadu-.
Khalid, F. M. (2023). Environmental Management Accounting Practices: A Review of the Literature. Proceedings of the International Symposium & Exhibition on Business and Accounting 2022 (ISEBA 2022), 28 September 2022, Malaysia, 1, 186–197. https://doi.org/10.15405/epfe.23081.16
KLH. (2026). KLH/BPLH emphasizes that the business world is not enough just to obey, environmental performance must be upgraded. In Ministry of Environment/Environmental Control Agency. https://kemenlh.go.id/news/detail/klhbplh-tegaskan-dunia-usaha-tak-cukup-sekadar-taat-kinerja-lingkungan-harus-naik-kelas.
Kumandang, C. (2025). Environmental Management Control Systems and Blockchain Adoption: A Systematic Literature Review on Their Impact on Environmental Performance and Reputation. Journal of Economics and Leadership, (2), 43–66. https://doi.org/10.70142/jbl
Metwally, A. B. M., Ali, M. A. S., & Ellelly, N. N. A. M. (2026). The Impact of Blockchain Technology on Sustainable Environmental Performance: The Moderating Role of Environmental Management Accounting. Sustainability (Switzerland), 18(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083974
Mia, M. M., Kabir, M. R., Zakaria, N. B., Islam, M. S., Sobhani, F. A., & Nesa, Z. (2026). Environmental Management Accounting and Environmental Performance: Mediation, Moderation, and Governance in Bangladesh's Garment Industry. Sustainability (Switzerland), 18(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su18115737
Mukwarami, S., & van der Poll, H. M. (2024). Critical environmental management accounting practices influencing service delivery of growing cities in a developing economy: a review and conceptual framework. In Environmental Systems and Decisions (Vol. 44, Number 3, pp. 710–739). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-023-09960-9
Nagari, A. (2023). The Antecedents and Consequenses of Environmental Management Accounting Implementation in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Multiparadigm Accounting Research (JMAR), 1(2), 81–90.
Nyakuwanika, M., van der Poll, H. M., & van der Poll, J. A. (2021). A conceptual framework for greener gold mining through environmental management accounting practices (Emaps): The case of zimbabwe. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810466
Permatasari, A. I., Marisa, D., Septiani, E., Windhi, W., Oktavia, D. T., Accounting, J., & Economics, F. (2025). The Effect of Environmental Management Accounting Implementation on Financial Performance: A Systematic Literature Review. Integrative Perspectives of Social and Science Journal, 2(2), 2259.
Rahajeng, L. W., Realita, T. N., & Firdaus, R. (2025). Proceeding Iconies Faculty Of Economics UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Achieving Environmental Performance Through Environmental Management Accounting And Individual Factors: A Literature Based View. International Conference of Islamic Economics and Business, 11.
Rahmawati, E., Nazaruddin, I., Widiastuti, H., Sofyani, H., & Kholid, A. W. N. (2024). Environmental accounting in public sector: systematic literature review. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 25(1), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v25i1.21344
Said, D., Sukoharsono, E. G., Darmawati, D., Juanda, M. R. P., Amalia, A. R., & Madein, A. (2026). Integration of Material Flow Cost Accounting and Resource Efficiency into Green Accounting: A Strategy for Company Sustainability. Journal of Environmental Accounting and Management, 14(02). https://doi.org/10.5890/jeam.2026.06.003
Saputra, K. A. K., Jayawarsa, A. A. K., & Laksmi, P. A. S. (2025). The Role Of Environmental Management Accounting As A Mediation Of The Influence Of Green Product And Green Process Innovation To Improve Sustainability Performance. Intellectual Economics, 19(2), 78–98. https://doi.org/10.13165/IE-25-19-2-03
Saputra, K. A. K., Subroto, B., Rahman, A. F., & Saraswati, E. (2022). Eco-Efficiency and Energy Audit to Improve Environmental Performance: An Empirical Study of Hotels in Bali-Indonesia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 12(6), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13565
Sari, M., Maya, I., & Sari, R. (2026). The Effect of Environmental Management Accounting on Firm Performance with Management Commitment as a Moderating Variable: A Literature Review. Journal of Management, Science, 5(01), 1–18.
Shadrina, N., Ilyas, A., Alam, S., Kalsum, U., Accounting, J., Economics, F., & Business, D. (2025). The Application of Environmental Management Accounting as a Form of Eco-Efficiency in Supporting Business Sustainability of Manufacturing Companies (Case Study of PTPN Persero Sugar Factory Takalar). Center of Economic Student Journal, 8(2), 2621–8186. https://doi.org/10.56750/csej.v8i2.1159
Sharaf, A., & Hussein, H. H. (2023). Carbon Management Accounting System and Corporate Environmental Performance: A Conceptual Framework. International Conference on Economy Management, and Bysiness (IC-EMBus), 1, 386–398. https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/icembus
Sihombing, S., Mahardi Lestari, D., Fitriani Nasution, M., Eva Rini, L., & Bangka Belitung State Manufacturing, P. (2025). Analysis of Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions on Manufacturing Costs in Indonesia. Journal Of Community Development and Disaster Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.37680/jcd.v7i1.6899
Suciati, F., Anhar, N., Safitri, N., & Setiatin, T. (2023). Antecedents Environmental Management Accounting: A Literature Review. Proaksi Journal, 10(1), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.3 2534/jpk.v10i1.3682
Swalih, M. M., Ram, R., & Tew, E. (2024). Environmental management accounting for strategic decision-making: A systematic literature review. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(7), 6335–6367. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3828
WCBSD. (2000). Eco-efficiency: Creating more value with less impact. In World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
Wulan, N. A., Dewi, T., Atmadja, A. T., Desak, Werastuti, N., Aziz, S. A., & Ganesha, U. (2026). Management Accounting Mechanisms For Organizational Sustainability Under Environmental Uncertainty: A Systematic Literature Review. Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR) Peer Reviewed-International Journal, 10, 1020–1044. https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR
Xia, L., Fatema, N., Rahman, M. M., & Hossain, A. (2025). Nexus of environmental management accounting, and carbon emission management on environmental, social, and governance performance: evidence from symmetrical and asymmetrical approaches. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05465-9
Yanti, L. D., Jatiningrum, C., & Oktari, Y. (2026). Eco-Efficiency Assessment of Circular Economy Strategies in Indonesian Textile Manufacturing Process. ASET Journal (Research Accounting), 18(1), 183–196. https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v18i1.98654
Zatini, G., Della Porta, A., & Za, S. (2025). Deciphering Barriers and Strategies in Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) Adoption: A Comprehensive Two-Decade Analysis. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 32(3), 3355–3370. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.3130
Zhen, T., & Rahman, M. M. (2024). Greening Emerging Economies: Enhancing Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance through Environmental Management Accounting and Green Financing. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(11). https://doi.org/10.33 90/su16114753
Published
2026-11-10
How to Cite
Putra, M. A. D., Febriana , R., & Fuadah, L. L. (2026). The Effect of Environmental Management Accounting on Environmental Performance with Eco-Efficiency as a Mediating Variable. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(04), 5367-5392. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i04.7423
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
