Suharnanik, S., Suud, M., Harianto Cipta Utama, Y., Kushata, C. and Blessing Chainaimoyo Change 2025. Why Women Still Experience Unequal Digital Access and Opportunities: Comparing How Social Norms, Economic Barriers, Technology Skills, and Online Safety Challenges Shape the Gender Digital Divide in Indonesia and Zimbabwe. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science . 5, 01 (Dec. 2025), 147-162. DOI:https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i01.2672.