International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science

Legal Protection of Shareholders against Corporate Hijacking Practices Through GMS (RUPS) Engineering and Manipulation of the General Legal Administration System

2026-09-01T23:53:16+00:00

The practice of unlawful corporate takeovers (corporate hijacking) through the engineering of the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS/RUPS) and data manipulation on the Legal Administrative System (AHU Online) of the Ministry of Law of the Republic of Indonesia poses a severe threat to legal certainty and shareholder rights protection in Indonesia. This normative legal research aims to analyze the legal implications of procedurally and materially defective GMS decisions, determine the boundaries of legal liability for Notaries and the Directorate General of AHU, and formulate preventive and repressive legal protection mechanisms for aggrieved shareholders. The findings demonstrate that fictitious or engineered GMS decisions are void ab initio (van rechtswege nietig) (Harahap, 2016), rendering all derivative decisions non-executable. Notaries who fail to conduct formal verification can be held liable under civil tort (PMH), administrative-ethical sanctions, and criminal provisions for complicity in document forgery (Hanako et al., 2023)1. Aggrieved shareholders can pursue repressive protection by blocking company profiles on SABH (Lohan & Partners, 2025)2, filing state administrative lawsuits at the PTUN within a strict 90-day window (ILS Law Firm, 2024)3, filing tort lawsuits at the District Court, and initiating criminal reports. The Ministry of Law is recommended to transform AHU Online from a passive registration system into a smart verification platform utilizing two-way digital authentication for all shareholders to ensure corporate data integrity.

The Effect of Religious Stories and the Traditional Congklak Game on the Development of Honesty among Young Children in the fifth grade

2026-09-02T03:46:21+00:00

This study aims to analyze the implementation of reflective narrative storytelling in enhancing the comprehension of the concept of faith for children with learning disabilities at the level of Malinau Selatan Hilir 2 State Elementary School. In the context of Christian Religious Education, children with learning disabilities often feel incapable of understanding the concept of faith being taught, which causes them to feel insecure and unable to develop a strong faith. Therefore, an effective and engaging learning method is required to improve the comprehension of the concept of faith for children with learning disabilities. This study employed a classroom action research design. To take a descriptive qualitative data analysis and descriptive quantitative data analysis. Classroom action research (CAR) is reflective in nature. The research was conducted at Malinau Selatan Hilir 2 State Elementary School, Malinau Regency, located in Setulang Village. The research timeframe was carried out during the second semester of the 2025–2026 academic year, specifically conducted from March to June 2026. This study utilized instruments in the form of observation sheets, interview guides, field notes, documentation, and tests. The results of the study indicate that the learning method utilizing reflective narrative storytelling helps students with learning disabilities comprehend and understand the learning theme regarding faith better. These results are evident from the test scores of students categorized with learning disabilities, who obtain scores below the minimum mastery standard on the pre-test results; after utilizing reflective narrative storytelling in cycle I, they experience an increase in scores but remain below the mastery standard, and at the cycle II stage, all of them possess scores above the minimum mastery standard. The research results also demonstrate that the three students categorized as having learning disabilities are capable of reflecting on their real lives as a form of faith they trust in God. Based on the results, the classroom action research demonstrates that the reflective narrative storytelling learning method provided to students with learning disabilities at Malinau Selatan Hilir 2 State Elementary School is capable of increasing students' ability to know and understand the learning of the concept of faith.

The Principal's Role in Implementing Inclusive Education through a Managerial Supervision Approach for Elementary School Teachers

2026-09-02T03:55:10+00:00

This study aimed to: (1) describe the implementation of the principal’s managerial supervision in implementing inclusive education for elementary school teachers; (2) improve teachers’ ability to implement inclusive education through the principal’s managerial supervision approach; and (3) determine the effectiveness of the principal’s managerial supervision in improving teachers’ ability to implement inclusive education at SD Negeri 008 Pujungan. This study was motivated by the limited understanding and competence of teachers in implementing inclusive education, particularly in developing adaptive lesson plans, applying differentiated instruction, managing inclusive classrooms, and conducting assessments based on students’ learning needs. This study employed a School Action Research (SAR) design conducted in two cycles, namely Cycle I and Cycle II. Each cycle consisted of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were eight teachers at SD Negeri 008 Pujungan. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research instruments included an observation checklist for the implementation of inclusive education, interview guidelines, and documentation. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentages and mean scores, while qualitative data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the principal’s managerial supervision effectively improved teachers’ ability to implement inclusive education. The average score increased from 65.94 in the initial condition (Fair category) to 78.13 in Cycle I (Good category) and further increased to 87.81 in Cycle II (Very Good category). The interview findings also indicated that teachers had a better understanding of the concept of inclusive education, were able to develop adaptive lesson plans, implement differentiated instruction, manage inclusive classrooms, and conduct assessments according to students’ learning needs. Therefore, the principal’s managerial supervision proved to be effective in improving the implementation of inclusive education at SD Negeri 008 Pujungan.

Implementation Of The Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model Based on Differentiated Instruction to Improve Integrated Science Concept Understanding of Grade VII Students at Risk of Learning Difficulties

2026-09-02T04:02:06+00:00

This study aims to improve students' learning process and learning outcomes through the implementation of a differentiated instruction-based Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model for Grade VII students at risk of learning difficulties in the topic of water pollution. This research is necessary because the teaching methods currently employed by teachers have not been effective in improving students' learning process and learning outcomes in accordance with curriculum requirements. As a result, students continue to experience difficulties in participating in the learning process. This study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, which consists of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The study was conducted in two cycles. The research subjects were two Grade VII students identified as being at risk of learning difficulties. Data collection techniques included observation and achievement tests (written tests). The data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive statistical techniques and qualitative descriptive analysis. Data were presented using tables and diagrams. Hypothesis testing was conducted by comparing pre-action results, Cycle I results, and Cycle II results. The results of the study show that the implementation of PjBL model based on differentiated instruction for students at risk of learning difficulties in Grade VII significantly improved both the learning process and learning outcomes. In the pre-action phase, the research subjects, Ju and Jd, obtained scores of 40 and 30, respectively. In Cycle I, their scores increased to 60 and 50. After Cycle II, both students achieved a score of 80. In addition, there was an increase in student engagement during the learning process. These findings indicate that the implementation of the PjBL model based on differentiated instruction is an effective and applicable strategy for improving conceptual understanding and learning outcomes of students at risk of learning difficulties. Therefore, teachers are recommended to implement the PjBL model based on differentiated instruction to better address the individual needs of learners.

Improving Teachers' Pedagogical Competence in Planning Accommodative Learning for Students with Special Needs through the Principal's Academic Supervision in an Inclusive Kindergarten

2026-09-02T04:10:50+00:00

This study aims to improve teachers' pedagogical competence in designing accommodative learning plans for students with special needs through the principal's academic supervision. The study is based on the need to strengthen teachers' ability to develop inclusive lesson plans that accommodate the diverse learning needs of children with special needs in an inclusive kindergarten setting. Academic supervision is expected to provide systematic guidance that enhances teachers' competence in planning effective and inclusive instruction. This study employed School Action Research (SAR) based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, consisting of the stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were two teachers at TK Negeri Handayani Pulau Sapi who were responsible for planning accommodative learning for students with special needs. Data were collected through observation, academic supervision, documentation, and field notes. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques to evaluate improvements in teachers' pedagogical competence throughout the intervention. The findings indicate that systematic and continuous academic supervision improves teachers' pedagogical competence in planning accommodative learning for students with special needs. In the pre-cycle stage, the average academic supervision score is 63.5, while the average pedagogical competence score is 65.5, indicating that teachers' competence is at a fair level and requires further professional support. Following the implementation of academic supervision in Cycle I, both scores increase to 83, reflecting a good level of competence. Through classroom observations, professional discussions, mentoring, and constructive feedback on instructional planning, teachers demonstrate a better understanding of formulating learning objectives, selecting appropriate teaching methods, utilizing instructional media, and developing assessments that accommodate the characteristics of students with special needs. In Cycle II, more intensive mentoring, reflective supervision, and continuous revision of instructional plans further enhance teachers' competence. The average academic supervision score increases to 97.5, while the average pedagogical competence score reaches 96.5, both classified as very good. These findings demonstrate that the principal's academic supervision is an effective strategy for improving teachers' pedagogical competence in planning accommodative learning within an inclusive kindergarten.

Optical Mirage and Morphological Dynamics of Dew Drops: A Multi-Positional Analysis of Foliar Adhesion at the Leaf-Branch Interface

2026-09-02T10:12:48+00:00

This study aims to investigate the unique physical characteristics and optical phenomena of dew formation specifically located at the leaf base and its junction with the branch. The research focuses on identifying how the leaf’s basal anatomy influences dew morphology, longevity, and light refraction patterns, which are often overlooked in standard eco-hydrological studies. An observational and descriptive-analytical approach was employed to categorize dew based on four distinct spatial positions: superior to the leaf base, right-lateral, left-lateral, and inferior positions. Samples were observed under natural conditions to analyze the interaction between dew droplet geometry (spherical vs. non-spherical) and the varied pigmentation of the leaf base. The findings reveal that dew at the leaf base is characterized by a "mixed dew" composition, exhibiting larger volumes and significantly longer evaporation times compared to surface dew. Four positional archetypes were identified, showing that the leaf base prevents perfect sphericity while simultaneously generating a "color mirage" an extraordinary light refraction effect influenced by the varying colors of the leaf tissue. Furthermore, dew at the leaf tips and centers exhibited distinct geometric patterns: half-round at the center, inverted triangles at the top, and perfect spheres (true dew) at the tips. True dewdrops at the tips were found to act as natural lenses, creating clear mirages and reflections of the surrounding environment when exposed to sunlight. Novelty: This research introduces a new classification of "Positional Dew Morphometry," highlighting the leaf-branch interface as a micro-refractive environment. Unlike existing literature that focuses on uniform surface dew, this study uncovers the "color mirage" phenomenon and the superior longevity of basal dew, providing new insights into micro-scale water retention and natural optical aesthetics in the phyllosphere.

School Environmental Support for the Effectiveness of Physical Education Learning at SMPN 1 Labuhan Haji

2026-09-04T01:35:31+00:00

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of school environmental support on the effectiveness of physical education learning at SMPN 1 Labuhan Haji in the 2025/2026 academic year. The research employs a quantitative descriptive non-experimental approach using a cross-sectional survey design. The population consists of all active students totaling 776 students, from which a 10% sample (78 respondents) was selected via simple random sampling. Data collection was conducted using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire that has met the validity criteria. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression using SPSS 27. Descriptive analysis revealed a mean score of 84.27 for school environmental support and 74.77 for learning effectiveness. Simple linear regression yielded an F_count value of 6.452 with a significance level of 0.013 (< 0.05), indicating that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. However, Pearson correlation analysis showed a coefficient of -0.280, demonstrating a weak and negative relationship. The study concludes that while school environmental support significantly affects the effectiveness of physical education, the negative direction implies that the instructional process is heavily influenced by other external and internal factors not measured in this linear model.

A Systematic Literature Review Of Education Management Systems In China And Indonesia: Governance Models, Digital Transformation, And Emerging Trends

2026-09-04T01:39:21+00:00

Education management systems are essential in determining the quality, equity, and efficiency of national educational outcomes. This study seeks to analyze and contrast the strengths, flaws, and developing trends of educational management systems in China and Indonesia by a systematic literature review (SLR). This study, adhering to the PRISMA 2020 model, consolidates findings from 11 peer-reviewed, Scopus-indexed primary papers published between 2021 and 2025. The results indicate divergent governance orientations: China's education administration system is marked by significant centralization, policy consistency, and resource allocation motivated by efficiency, whereas Indonesia's system prioritizes decentralization, institutional independence, and participatory governance. Recent research trends in both contexts underscore the increasing significance of digital transformation, encompassing Learning Management Systems (LMS), artificial intelligence tools, data-driven decision-making, and program-based institutional management. Nonetheless, enduring problems persist, including restricted institutional flexibility in China and inconsistent implementation ability along with quality discrepancies in Indonesia. The study suggests that neither centralized nor decentralized methods independently meet the intricate requirements of modern school management. A hybrid governance paradigm that combines centralized coordination with regional authority may provide a more sustainable and equitable solution. These findings enhance the comparative education management literature and offer evidence-based insights for policymakers and educational leaders implementing system-level reforms.

The Ijon System And Strategies For Empowering Farming Communities In Kaibobo Village, West Seram District West Seram Regency

2026-09-04T02:13:42+00:00

Abstract

The ijon system is a form of pre-harvest sale and purchase of agricultural products that remains widespread in rural areas, including in Kaibobo Village, West Seram Subdistrict, West Seram Regency. Farmers generally engage in this practice due to urgent economic needs, limited access to capital, and their weak bargaining position within the agricultural marketing system. This study aims to: (1) examine the factors that lead farmers to participate in the ijon system and (2) formulate strategies to empower farming communities to reduce their dependence on the ijon system. The research was conducted in September 2025 in Kaibobo Village using a qualitative descriptive research method, employing a census technique to survey 83 farming households involved in the ijon system. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation, and were subsequently analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. The results indicate that the primary factors driving farmers’ participation in the ijon system are social conditions within the community, long-standing traditions, farmers’ dependence on middlemen, and the farmers’ persistently low standard of living.

Empowerment strategies must be implemented to reduce farmers’ dependence on the ijon system, including strengthening farmers’ economic institutions, providing access to village-based microfinance, diversifying farmers’ household income sources, improving access to markets and price information, and developing locally-based empowerment models for island farmers.

Keywords: Ijon System, Community Empowerment, Farmers of Kaibobo Village

Through the Eyes of Teachers: A Qualitative Synthesis of Perceptions of Principals' Transformational Leadership Practices in Chinese Schoolsll

2026-09-04T03:09:10+00:00

Despite extensive scholarship on transformational leadership in education, teachers' experiential and perceptual accounts of such leadership in Chinese schools remain underexplored. Most existing studies measure leadership through standardized instruments, overlooking the cultural, relational, and contextual dimensions through which teachers interpret and respond to principals' transformational practices. A qualitative library-based research design was employed, guided by the PRISMA framework. Six peer-reviewed studies published between 2017 and 2024 were systematically selected from Scopus and Web of Science and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-phase thematic analysis. Three major themes emerged: (1) teachers' perceptions of trust and emotional connection as core dimensions of transformational leadership; (2) the perceived impact of transformational leadership on teacher collaboration and collective efficacy; and (3) perceived challenges and contextual limitations in the enactment of transformational leadership. Findings reveal that teachers value relational authenticity, moral consistency, and participatory structures while identifying bureaucratic constraints, cultural hierarchy, and workload pressures as inhibitors of full leadership enactment. Teachers' perceptions of transformational leadership are fundamentally relational and culturally mediated. Effective transformational principals in China combine inspirational vision with emotional intelligence and moral authority. Sustainable leadership impact requires systemic institutional support that reduces administrative burdens and expands teachers' professional autonomy. These findings offer important theoretical extensions to transformational leadership research and practical guidance for leadership development in Chinese and broader East Asian educational contexts.

Implementation of Islamic Religious Education and Character Education for Students with Special Needs in Inclusive Classes at Purworejo 01 Lumajang State Elementary School

2026-09-04T03:52:39+00:00

Inclusive education requires schools to provide learning services that accommodate the needs of all students, including students with special needs. This study aims to describe the implementation of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and Character Building (Culture) learning, as well as teacher strategies in assisting students with special needs in inclusive classes at SDN Purworejo 01 Lumajang. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study type. Research subjects were determined through purposive sampling involving the principal and PAI and Character Building teachers. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that learning uses the same curriculum, materials, and teaching modules as for regular students, while teacher strategies are carried out through mentoring and providing re-explanations at the end of the lesson, as well as consultations with health workers. The conclusion of the study shows that the implementation of inclusive learning has been running, but has not fully accommodated the individual needs of students with special needs due to the lack of curriculum adjustments and limited expert staff.

The Problem of the Neutrality of the Constitutional Court in Upholding the Constitution in Indonesia

2026-09-04T04:00:22+00:00

The Constitutional Court holds a crucial position as the guardian of the constitution, tasked with ensuring that every action of state administrators remains in accordance with the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. In exercising its authority, the Constitutional Court is required to be neutral, independent, and free from the influence of political interests or certain parties. However, in practice, various issues still arise that raise public doubts about the institution's neutrality, which can affect public trust and the effectiveness of constitutional enforcement. This study aims to analyze the problematic aspects of the Constitutional Court's neutrality in constitutional enforcement in Indonesia and to examine the application of the principle of neutrality in every exercise of its authority. The study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory regulatory approach and literature review. The results show that the neutrality of the Constitutional Court is an important factor in maintaining legal certainty, justice, and the legitimacy of decisions. Therefore, strengthening the integrity of constitutional judges, implementing a code of ethics, and establishing an effective oversight mechanism are necessary to ensure the Constitutional Court remains trusted as an independent and just guardian of the constitution.

The Influence of Job Satisfaction and Perceived Organizational Support on Quiet Quitting in Generation Z Employees in the Food and Beverage Sector in Bandar Lampung

2026-09-04T04:09:16+00:00

The phenomenon of quiet quitting is gaining increasing attention because it can reduce employee engagement, especially among Generation Z employees who have different characteristics and work expectations. This study aims to analyze the effect of job satisfaction and perceived organizational support on quiet quitting among Generation Z employees in the food and beverage sector in Bandar Lampung. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey design and multiple linear regression analysis. The study population was Generation Z employees working in the food and beverage sector in Bandar Lampung. A total of 100 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique based on the Cochran formula. Data were collected using a four-point Likert scale measuring quiet quitting, job satisfaction, and perceived organizational support. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 27 through validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, t-tests, F-tests, and coefficients of determination. The results showed that job satisfaction and perceived organizational support simultaneously had a significant effect on quiet quitting. Partially, job satisfaction had a significant negative effect, while perceived organizational support had no significant effect on quiet quitting. It was concluded that increasing job satisfaction is the main factor that can reduce the tendency of quiet quitting among Generation Z employees, while organizational support has not been able to provide a direct effect.

Availability Of Enbal Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Cranzt) Raw Materials For The Enbal Semprong Business (A Case Study In Namar Village, Manyeuw Subdistrict, Southeast Maluku Regency)

2026-09-04T12:27:15+00:00

Abstract

The village of Namar produces enbal cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranzt), which is used as a raw material in the production of enbal semprong and serves as a source of income for the community. However, there are challenges related to the continuity of the raw material supply that affect the sustainability of production. The study aims to 1) analyze the availability of enbal cassava as a raw material in the enbal semprong industry and 2) analyze the factors influencing the availability of enbal cassava as a raw material in the enbal semprong industry. The study was conducted in March 2026 in Namar Village, Kei Kecil Subdistrict, Southeast Maluku Regency, using a census of 20 farmer-suppliers and 1 enbal semprong business owner. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires and were then analyzed descriptively. The results indicate that the availability of raw materials, in terms of both quantity and quality, falls into the good to very good category.

However, continuity remains an aspect that requires attention. Furthermore, cassava production factors, raw material prices, distribution and access, season and environment, as well as institutional and government support influence the availability of raw materials. The main constraints include limited capital for purchasing, weather changes, and suboptimal government support. Therefore, strengthening coordination among farmers and business operators, as well as government support, is necessary to maintain the continuity of supply and the sustainability of the enbal semprong business.

Students' Creative Process in Making Wayang Golek from Reused Materials: Negotiating Culture and Material

2026-09-04T13:01:41+00:00

This study examines how students negotiate cultural references and material constraints while making wayang golek from reused materials. A qualitative case study was conducted with 32 Grade IX B students at SMP Negeri 17 Semarang. Data were generated through participant observation across three learning sessions, semi-structured interviews with one Arts and Culture teacher and six purposively selected students, and visual documentation of the process and completed works. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña through data condensation, display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings show that students' creative process was recursive rather than linear. Ideas changed after materials were tested; structural and movement problems prompted technical revisions; and decisions emerged through discussion within groups. The teacher provided technical scaffolding without taking over students' artistic choices. Reused materials therefore function not merely as inexpensive media, but as design constraints that encourage students to reconsider the value and possibilities of discarded objects. The study shows that art learning can bring cultural interpretation, collaboration, material experimentation, and sustainability into a single creative experience.

Beyond Compliance: A Systematic Literature Review of International Risk Governance Transformation Through ISO 31000 and Regulatory Frameworks

2026-09-04T22:58:33+00:00

This study examines the transformation of international risk governance beyond compliance through the integration of ISO 31000, Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), and regulatory frameworks. This research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach based on the PRISMA guidelines by analyzing 50 peer-reviewed international articles published between 2021 and 2026. The findings indicate that modern risk governance has shifted from a compliance-oriented approach toward a strategic and value-creation-based system. ERM plays an important role in integrating risk identification, assessment, mitigation, and strategic decision-making processes. Furthermore, ISO 31000 strengthens organizational risk management through systematic, integrated, and proactive approaches. The review also highlights the increasing influence of digital transformation, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity risks, and ESG factors in developing adaptive risk governance. However, challenges remain regarding regulatory differences, technology governance, and stakeholder alignment. This study contributes to the literature by providing insights into the development of resilient, transparent, and sustainable risk governance frameworks.

Strengthening Financial Efficiency in the Maritime Industry: A Systematic Review of Internal Governance, Strategic Control Systems, and Operational Cost Management

2026-09-05T00:04:15+00:00

This study examines the strengthening of financial efficiency in the maritime industry through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach by analyzing the role of corporate governance, strategic control systems, and operational cost management. A total of 50 peer-reviewed articles were reviewed based on the PRISMA guidelines to identify research trends related to financial efficiency, governance mechanisms, digital-based control systems, cost optimization strategies, and organizational capabilities in managing maritime operations. The findings indicate that financial efficiency in the maritime industry is achieved through the integration of effective corporate governance, data-driven strategic control systems, and efficient operational cost management practices. Furthermore, technological transformation, analytics capabilities, and adaptive organizational resources enhance companies' ability to optimize resources, improve decision-making quality, and respond to dynamic market conditions. However, challenges remain regarding cost volatility, technological adoption, sustainability pressures, and alignment between operational strategies and long-term financial objectives. This study contributes to the literature by providing a structured synthesis of previous research and highlighting the importance of integrated management approaches in strengthening sustainable and competitive financial efficiency within the maritime industry.

Power, Accountability, and Corporate Policy-Making: A Systematic Literature Review of Governance Practices and Organizational Transformation

2026-09-05T00:12:18+00:00

This study examines the role of power, accountability, corporate policy-making, and governance practices in organizational transformation through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 50 peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2026 were systematically analyzed based on the PRISMA guidelines. The review focuses on key themes related to corporate governance practices, stakeholder engagement, accountability mechanisms, strategic decision-making, digital transformation, and organizational change. The findings indicate that effective governance practices and accountability mechanisms play an important role in managing organizational power, improving transparency, and supporting sustainable transformation. Furthermore, digital technologies and changing business environments encourage organizations to develop more adaptive policies and governance frameworks. However, several challenges remain, including balancing stakeholder interests, ensuring responsible technology adoption, and maintaining organizational accountability during transformation processes. This study contributes to the literature by providing a structured synthesis of previous research and highlighting the importance of responsible and adaptive governance practices in achieving long-term organizational sustainability.

Strengthening Financial Resilience Through Risk Management: A Systematic Literature Review of Financial Risk Assessment, Mitigation, and Decision-Making Approaches

2026-09-05T00:18:50+00:00

This study examines the role of risk management in strengthening financial resilience through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 50 peer-reviewed articles were analyzed based on the PRISMA guidelines to identify research trends related to financial risk assessment, risk mitigation strategies, and decision-making approaches. The findings indicate that effective risk management contributes to organizational financial resilience by improving risk identification, evaluation, mitigation, and strategic responses. Furthermore, digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics enhance the ability of organizations to predict risks and support evidence-based decision-making. However, challenges remain regarding data quality, technological integration, and managing increasingly complex financial risks. This study contributes to the literature by providing a structured synthesis of previous research and highlighting the importance of integrated risk management capabilities in achieving sustainable financial resilience.

Building Risk-Aware Organizations: A Systematic Literature Review of Organizational Culture, Governance Mechanisms, and Enterprise Risk Management Integration

2026-09-05T00:25:27+00:00

This study examines the development of risk-aware organizations through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach by analyzing the role of organizational culture, governance mechanisms, and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) integration. A total of 50 peer-reviewed articles were reviewed based on the PRISMA guidelines to identify research trends related to risk culture, governance practices, ERM implementation, and organizational capabilities in managing uncertainty. The findings indicate that effective risk-aware organizations are built through the integration of strong risk culture, effective governance mechanisms, and strategic ERM implementation. Furthermore, digital transformation and adaptive capabilities enhance organizational ability to identify, evaluate, and respond to emerging risks. However, challenges remain regarding organizational readiness, technology integration, risk communication, and alignment between risk management practices and business strategies. This study contributes to the literature by providing a structured synthesis of previous research and highlighting the importance of integrated risk management capabilities in developing sustainable and adaptive risk-aware organizations.

Evaluation of Differentiated Instruction Using a Culturally Responsive Teaching Approach to Improve Map Literacy Among High School Students in Gunungkidul

2026-09-05T06:58:08+00:00

Differentiated instruction implemented through the CRT approach is one effort to realize student-centered learning while supporting the development of map literacy. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of student-centered learning that supports the development of map literacy. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of differentiated instruction using the CRT approach, covering aspects of planning, implementation, the gap between standards and instructional practices, as well as supporting and inhibiting factors in fostering map literacy among SAM students in Gunungkidul. This study employed a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design and the Provus Discrepancy evaluation model. The research was conducted at four public high schools in Gunungkidul, involving teachers, students, and school stakeholders. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaire distribution. The data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. The results of the “ ” study indicate that the planning and implementation of instruction fall into the “good” to “very good” categories. The implementation of differentiated instruction was evident through differentiation in content, process, and products, whereas the application of CRT still requires strengthening, particularly regarding the integration of student culture and culturally responsive assessment. The evaluation revealed a discrepancy between ideal standards and actual implementation. The instruction delivered supports the development of map literacy through learning experiences that take into account students’ needs, characteristics, and cultural backgrounds.

Deep Learning-Based Science Teaching Module With Integration of Islamic Values to Improve The Learning Outcomes of Fourth Grade Students

2026-09-05T07:17:19+00:00

This research aims to develop a Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) teaching module based on a deep learning approach, integrating Islamic values. This research was based on tests of validity, practicality, and effectiveness, with the aim of improving elementary school students' learning outcomes. Furthermore, this research is quantitative and uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects were fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 22 Banda Aceh. Data collection instruments included validation sheets from subject-matter, language, and media experts; teacher and student response questionnaires; and learning outcome tests in the form of pretests and posttests. Data collection was conducted based on the analysis. The results indicate that the developed teaching module is categorized as highly valid and practical. The effectiveness test demonstrated an increase in student learning outcomes, integrated with Islamic values, as evidenced by higher post-test scores than pre-test scores. These findings indicate that the deep learning-based IPAS teaching module, integrated with Islamic values , appears effective in developing student learning outcomes and supporting meaningful, character-based learning

Legal Certainty Analysis in The Enforcement of Tax Crimes in Indonesia Reviewed From Regulatory and Implementation Aspects

2026-09-05T07:47:25+00:00

Because taxation constitutes the principal source of state revenue, guaranteeing legal certainty when tax offenses are prosecuted becomes an essential precondition for a sound fiscal order. This article examines that legal certainty in Indonesia through two lenses, namely regulation and implementation. Methodologically it rests on normative legal research reinforced by a limited empirical dimension, drawing together statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches. On the regulatory side, the findings suggest that the General Provisions and Tax Procedures Law (KUP Law), as revised by Law Number 7 of 2021, already supplies a reasonably comprehensive normative structure; even so, a number of provisions, Articles 38, 39, and 39A in particular, remain open to divergent readings, while the reasoning judges rely on when imposing custodial sentences and fines are not yet uniform across rulings. On the implementation side, the overlap between administrative and criminal law breeds difficulty in operating the ultimum remedy principle, and enforcement remains largely repressive without being matched by adequate preventive efforts. On this basis the study proposes harmonizing the criminal provisions of the KUP Law, reinforcing sentencing guidance for the judiciary, and forming an enforcement model that balances prevention and prosecution, so that legal certainty, justice, and lasting taxpayer compliance may be achieved.

Keywords: legal certainty; tax crime; law enforcement; regulation; implementation

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Law Enforcement against Tax Crimes in the Digitalization Era of the Coretax System Based on Tax Laws in Indonesia

2026-09-05T22:30:35+00:00

The implementation of the Coretax System, a form of digitalization of tax administration in Indonesia, has fundamentally changed the way tax law enforcement is carried out. On the one hand, this digital transformation promotes efficiency, transparency, and accountability in tax administration; on the other hand, it has shifted tax crime patterns toward technology-based violations, ranging from electronic data manipulation and fictitious invoicing practices to digital tax evasion across national borders. This study examines the effectiveness of criminal law enforcement for tax crimes during the Coretax System digitalization era according to Indonesian tax regulations. The method used is normative legal research with a limited statutory, conceptual, and case-based approach, relying on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that criminal tax law enforcement has not been fully effective: procedural compliance has indeed strengthened thanks to system integration, but its substantive effectiveness remains hampered by inconsistencies in regulations regarding electronic evidence, lack of coordination between institutions, limited digital skills of law enforcement officers, and low digital and legal literacy among taxpayers. This study suggests alignment between tax regulations and electronic information law, strengthening integrated data exchange between the Directorate General of Taxes, the Police, and the Prosecutor's Office, and developing human resource capacity to achieve responsive and effective tax criminal law enforcement in the digital era.

Keywords: law enforcement; tax crime; Coretax System; digitization; effectiveness.

Integrated Pretreatment of B40 Biodiesel in Steam Power Plants: Operational Mitigation, K3L Implementation, and Professional Ethics

2026-09-06T23:09:07+00:00

The implementation of a 40% biodiesel blend (B40) in steam power plants presents operational challenges associated with fuel viscosity, hygroscopicity, oxidation stability, and particulate contamination. This study evaluates an integrated pretreatment approach combining additive treatment, ceramic membrane separation, and thermal conditioning to improve B40 fuel quality and mitigate potential operational risks in power generation systems. Experimental tests were conducted by varying the 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN) additive concentration at 200–1100 ppm, applying ceramic membrane filtration with a 0.01 μm pore size at 1–2 bar, and heating B40 to 40–50°C. Fuel quality was evaluated based on viscosity, cetane number, TFr, and particulate concentration, while combustion-related emissions were assessed using a 9-hp diesel engine. The results showed that heating B40 to 50°C reduced viscosity from 4.6 to 3.6 mPa·s, indicating improved fuel-flow characteristics. Additive treatment also substantially reduced measured particulate concentrations, with reductions of 77%, 87%, and 95% for particles ≥4, ≥6, and ≥14 μm, respectively, at 1000 ppm. The cetane number showed a favorable response at selected additive concentrations, particularly within the 400–900 ppm range. Combined additive treatment and thermal conditioning produced improvements in several fuel-quality parameters. At 100% engine load, CO emissions were approximately 250–270 mg/m³, while NOx decreased from approximately 740 to 510 mg/m³ under the tested conditions. From a K3L perspective, the integrated treatment requires controls for chemical handling, pressurized filtration, fuel heating, leakage, fire hazards, and waste management. Overall, the findings indicate that integrated pretreatment has potential to mitigate key B40 operational challenges, although further validation under actual PLTU operating conditions is required.

Village Government In The Management Of Sicanang Mangrove Forest : A Governmental Studies Perspective On Public Transparency And Accountability

2026-09-07T01:14:10+00:00

This study examines village-level governance in the management of the Sicanang mangrove forest in Belawan Sicanang Sub-District, Medan Belawan District, Medan City, Indonesia, with a particular focus on the practice of public transparency and accountability. Since 2015, the local community and government have designated 178.24 hectares of the area as a Community-Based Mangrove Protection Zone (Daerah Perlindungan Mangrove Berbasis Masyarakat/DPM-BM). However, recent reports indicate deteriorating physical conditions, damaged public facilities, and reduced institutional oversight since 2020, raising questions about the effectiveness of governance arrangements at the village and sub-district level. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data through observation, in-depth interviews with local government officials and community mangrove management groups, and documentation study, which were then analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that transparency practices remain informal and are not institutionalized through a standardized public reporting or information-disclosure system, while accountability mechanisms—both vertical, to the provincial forestry agency, and horizontal, to the surrounding community—are weakly enforced. Overlapping authority among the sub-district (kelurahan) government, city agencies, and the provincial forestry service, combined with limited resources and low community environmental literacy, further constrains effective governance. The study concludes that strengthening formal transparency instruments, clarifying institutional coordination, and building periodic public accountability forums are essential to sustaining community-based mangrove governance in Sicanang.

The Contribution Of Income Earned By Women Who Process Nutmeg Juice To Increasing Household Income (A Case Study of the Tomasiwa Cooperative in Leihitu Subdistrict, Central Maluku Regency)

2026-09-08T23:05:19+00:00

The women of Morella chose to work making nutmeg juice at the Tomasiwa Agricultural Cooperative because it gave them the opportunity to improve their skills, earn a better supplementary income, and access a wider market. The cooperative provides a space for women to participate in decision-making, strengthen group solidarity, and enhance household economic independence The study aimed to (1) identify the motivations of women working at the Tomasiwa Agricultural Cooperative (KUD) and (2) determine the extent of women’s income contribution to their households. The study was conducted in Morella Village, Leihitu Subdistrict, Central Maluku Regency, from February to April 2026, using a quantitative descriptive research method and a census technique to survey 6 business operators at the cooperative. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation, and then analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods. The results of the study indicate that the motivation to participate in the nutmeg juice management business at the Tomasiwa Cooperative stems from the limited and uncertain income of their husbands, the majority of whom work in the seasonal agricultural sector or as casual laborers. 66.67% of the women joined the nutmeg juice management cooperative to meet their daily living needs, while 66.67% did so to ensure the continuity of their children’s education, 50% contribute to covering the family’s financial needs, and 100% of women agree that the activities they engage in help balance their domestic and public roles. Furthermore, their contributions account for 55.45% of the family’s total income.

Servant Leadership and Work Effort: Mediating Roles of Public Service Motivation and Organizational Commitment

2026-09-08T01:03:52+00:00

This study examines how servant leadership relates to employees' work effort through public service motivation and organizational commitment in a local government agency. It addresses limited evidence on a serial mechanism that integrates these four constructs while treating work effort as direction, intensity, and persistence rather than as job performance. A quantitative explanatory survey was conducted among 108 employees selected purposively from a population of 171 employees at the Cooperative, Industry, and Trade Department of Kotabaru Regency, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling in SmartPLS 4. Servant leadership was positively associated with public service motivation (β = 0.659, p < 0.001) and organizational commitment (β = 0.300, p = 0.013). Public service motivation predicted organizational commitment (β = 0.567, p < 0.001) and work effort (β = 0.302, p = 0.019), while organizational commitment predicted work effort (β = 0.439, p < 0.001). The direct servant leadership-work effort path was not significant (β = 0.155, p = 0.108). However, all three specified indirect effects were significant. The findings show that servant leadership is linked to work effort primarily through employees' public-service orientation and organizational attachment.

Digital Literacy and Digital Training Effects on Employee Performance: Work Motivation as a Mediator

2026-09-08T01:13:41+00:00

Digital transformation requires public employees to combine technical capability with the motivation to apply it, yet evidence on whether digital training improves performance remains inconsistent. This study examines the direct effects of digital literacy, digital training, and work motivation on employee performance and tests work motivation as a mediator in a local government revenue agency. Positioned within the ability-motivation-opportunity framework, the study used an explanatory cross-sectional design and a census of 40 employees at the Regional Revenue Agency of Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, Indonesia. Employees self-reported digital literacy, digital training, and work motivation, whereas the agency head rated employee performance. Reflective measures were assessed using partial least squares structural equation modeling in SmartPLS 4. Digital literacy predicted performance (beta = .494, p < .001) and motivation (beta = .649, p < .001); motivation predicted performance (beta = .401, p = .006); and digital training predicted motivation (beta = .301, p = .003) but not performance (beta = -.016, p = .889). Motivation partially mediated the digital literacy-performance relationship (beta = .260, p = .004) but not the training-performance relationship. The findings identify digital literacy as the more immediate performance capability and suggest that training requires stronger job alignment and transfer opportunities to influence performance.

Bridging the Skills Divide: A Focus on Strategic Assessment of Cambodia’s TVET Landscape in the Age of Industry 4.0

2026-09-08T01:28:36+00:00

Cambodia has set itself one of the most ambitious development trajectories in Southeast Asia: graduation to upper-middle-income status by 2030 and to high-income status by 2050. Realizing that vision depends on a structural shift away from a labor-intensive, low-wage growth model — anchored in garments, footwear, construction and tourism — toward a diversified, skill-driven economy able to absorb higher-value manufacturing and digital work. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sits at the center of that transition. This article assesses the current state of Cambodia’s TVET system against the demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Royal Government’s Pentagonal Strategy–Phase I (2023–2028). Drawing on policy analysis, program administrative data and a recent national skills-mismatch survey from the Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training (MLVT), and secondary evidence from development partners, it examines progress under the National TVET Policy 2017–2025, the rapid scale-up of the flagship TVET 1.5M program, and the consolidation of the Cambodian Qualifications Framework (CQF). It then weighs these gains against persistent constraints: weak social esteem for vocational pathways, uneven training quality, curricula and equipment that lag industry, a thin pipeline of qualified trainers, low female participation in technical trades, and heavy dependence on donor financing. The article argues that closing Cambodia’s skills divide requires moving from supply-side expansion toward a demand-driven, employer-anchored model — institutionalized through sector skills councils, dual training and work-based learning, and embedded Industry 4.0 content — and offers strategic recommendations for converting skills investment into competitiveness, foreign direct investment and inclusive growth.

Faculty Members’ Behavioral Intention toward Technology Integration in University Teaching Practices in Cambodia

2026-09-08T01:37:09+00:00

Technological advancements have swiftly transformed higher education, affecting faculty responsibilities, institutional ethos, and pedagogical methods. Higher education institutions have had difficulties in adapting, resulting in possible disconnections between modern students and conventional teaching methods. This quantitative correlational research investigated if the variables of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UNAT), such as Performance Expectancy (PERE), Effort Expectancy (EFFE), Social Influence (SOCI), and Facilitating Conditions (FACC), forecasted faculty members’ Behavioral Intention (BEHI) to utilize technology in two public universities in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Demographic factors such as age, gender, and years of experience were incorporated as control variables. Employing survey data from 111 faculty members, Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression analysis were performed. Findings demonstrated that Performance Expectancy (PERE), Effort Expectancy (EFFE), and Social Influence (SOCI) were substantial predictors of Behavioral Intention (BEHI) to adopt technology, but Facilitating Conditions (FACC) were not. Teachers were more inclined to adopt technology when they regarded it as educationally beneficial, feasible in terms of effort, and endorsed by their professional networks. These results broaden UNAT research within the relatively neglected area of theological education and provide insights for faculty advancement, institutional governance, and subsequent studies.

National cyber security policy and its implications for Strategic defense

2026-09-09T00:49:49+00:00

The advance of digital technology has produced a new landscape for national security, in which threats are no longer only conventional but also originate in cyberspace. Attacks on strategic infrastructure, government data, and defense systems show that cyber security has become an inseparable part of national defense. National cyber security policy therefore matters for safeguarding digital sovereignty and for strengthening national resilience against non-traditional threats. This study analyses Indonesia's national cyber security policy and its implications for the country's strategic defense. It applies a systematic literature review guided by the PRISMA protocol; 602 records retrieved from the Dimensions database were screened, and 25 articles and policy documents published between 2020 and 2025 were selected and analysed thematically. The findings show that Indonesia has built a solid policy foundation through the establishment of the National Cyber and Crypto Agency (BSSN), the National Cyber Security Strategy, and regulations that protect vital information infrastructure. Persistent obstacles remain, however, in cross-sectoral coordination, the supply of skilled cyber personnel, and digital security awareness at both public and institutional levels. The implications for strategic defense are threefold: cyber defense needs to be integrated into the national defense system, detection and incident-response capacity needs to be enlarged, and synergy among the military, government, and the private sector needs to be built deliberately rather than left to emerge on its own.

Mapping the Shifting Dynamics of Mathematics Learning in the Artificial Intelligence Era: A Psychometric Network Analysis of the Community of Inquiry

2026-09-09T00:59:04+00:00

The integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI) into undergraduate mathematics classrooms has begun to shift the dynamics of the learning ecosystem — reconfiguring how reflective interaction, metacognitive regulation, and cognitive engagement relate to one another within the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework. Latent-variable structural models have documented that this reconfiguration exists, but they cannot pinpoint which specific learner behaviors carry the shift. This study applies psychometric network analysis to produce a behavior-level map of the reconfigured ecosystem. Using cross-sectional data from 200 undergraduate mathematics education students at Universitas Negeri Makassar who used conversational AI during a differential calculus course, we estimated a regularized partial-correlation network over 19 items from an AI-Integrated CoI survey using the Graphical Lasso with cross-validated penalty selection. Node strength and bridge strength were computed to identify hub and boundary-spanning behaviors, and bootstrap resampling (300 iterations) was used to assess stability. The network retained 87 edges (density = 0.51). The four items with the highest bridge strength were RMP2 (using AI to check one's own solution steps — 0.45), LP3 (monitoring understanding of AI explanations — 0.45), RMP5 (asking follow-up questions to deepen understanding — 0.40), and LP6 (reflecting on whether AI is helping — 0.39). Three of these four top-ranked items describe monitoring and verification behaviors that occur during the AI interaction rather than the post-hoc evaluation of AI outputs most often emphasized in AI-literacy discourse. Bootstrap Spearman correlation between bootstrapped and reference bridge rankings averaged 0.80, indicating moderate stability. The findings reframe the AI-induced shift as a shift toward in-interaction epistemic monitoring rather than a shift toward output-checking vigilance.

The Influence of Learning Motivation and Learning Discipline on Students' Mathematics Learning Outcomes at SMP Muhammadiyah Al-Kautsar

2026-09-09T01:27:48+00:00

Low mathematics learning outcomes among junior high school (SMP) students are clearly linked to suboptimal learning motivation and discipline. This study aimed to analyze the effect of learning motivation and learning discipline on students' mathematics learning outcomes, both partially and simultaneously. A quantitative ex post facto approach was employed, involving 34 eighth-grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah Al-Kautsar PK Kartasura selected through purposive sampling. Data on motivation and discipline were collected using questionnaires, while learning outcome data were obtained from documented scores. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS. The results showed that learning motivation had no significant effect on mathematics learning outcomes (t = 0.276; Sig. = 0.785), whereas learning discipline had a significant effect (t = 2.954; Sig. = 0.006). Simultaneously, motivation and discipline significantly affected mathematics learning outcomes (F = 8.194; Sig. = 0.001), contributing 34.6% (R² = 0.346). These findings confirm that learning discipline has a more dominant influence than learning motivation at the junior high school level.

Advancing Theory on School Quality: The Moderating Role of Accreditation in the Link between Managerial Competence, School Culture, and Primary Education Outcomes

2026-09-09T01:39:11+00:00

This study advances the theoretical understanding of school quality by proposing a configurational perspective that integrates internal school capabilities and external quality assurance mechanisms. Drawing on Total Quality Management (TQM) and institutional theory, the study conceptualizes managerial competence and school culture as two parallel internal capability paths through which educational quality is produced, while positioning school accreditation as an institutional amplifier rather than a direct determinant of quality. Using survey data from 200 primary school teachers and applying covariance-based structural equation modeling and moderated regression analysis (PROCESS), the findings reveal that both managerial competence and school culture exert consistently positive effects on educational quality across all levels of accreditation. JohnsonNeyman analyzes further demonstrate that these effects remain statistically significant throughout the observed range of accreditation, with effect magnitudes increasing linearly as accreditation status improves. This pattern indicates that internal school capabilities are robust drivers of quality, whose effectiveness is systematically strengthened but not conditioned by institutionalized quality assurance. By integrating two moderation models into a unified configurational framework, the study extends TQM theory in education from a linear to an interdependent and context-sensitive explanation of school quality formation. The findings offer a refined theoretical account of how leadership, organizational culture, and accreditation jointly shape primary education quality, particularly in contexts characterized by institutional heterogeneity.

Analysis of the Implementation of Alliance Strategies to Improve the Performance of Baiturrahim Hospital Jambi

2026-09-09T09:00:45+00:00

This study aims to analyze the implementation of strategic alliances in improving the performance of Baiturrahim Hospital Jambi, particularly through cooperation with BPJS Health and private health insurance companies. This research employed a qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, structured questionnaires, documentation, and literature studies. The analysis utilized three approaches: the Generic Fit Framework (GFF), Key Success Factors (KSF), and Value Chain Analysis. The findings indicate that the implementation of strategic alliances has generally been well established and has contributed positively to hospital performance. Based on the Generic Fit Framework, Strategic Fit achieved the highest score of 4.23, followed by Organizational Fit at 4.20, Operational Fit at 4.13, Human Fit at 3.93, and Cultural Fit at 3.73. In the Key Success Factors analysis, strategy was identified as the most dominant factor, with a score of 4.30, indicating that strategic alignment with market needs is an important determinant of alliance success. Meanwhile, the Value Chain Analysis showed that operations and distribution achieved the highest scores, both at 4.40. However, several challenges remain, including suboptimal strategic alignment, operational efficiency, responsiveness, claims management processes, and human resource competency development. Therefore, the strategic alliances implemented by Baiturrahim Hospital Jambi have provided added value and supported performance improvement, but their effectiveness still needs to be optimized through stronger strategic alignment, business process integration, improved coordination, enhanced claims management, and continuous human resource development.

The Role of Economic Analysis in Better Regulation and Policy Making

2026-09-09T14:11:41+00:00

The application of Economic Analysis of Law (EAL) in policy-making is essential to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the policy formulation process. EAL can be applied across various policy domains and aspects. EAL principles are outlined in the Seventh Provision of Presidential Instruction No. 7 of 2017 on the Formulation, Supervision, and Control of Policy Implementation at the Level of State Ministries and Government Agencies and is further regulated through technical implementation guidelines. Economic analysis plays a crucial role in public policy-making to ensure evidence-based decisions through cost-benefit analysis and impact assessments. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach involving a literature review of policy documents and journal articles. Essentially, Indonesia has implemented economic analysis in policy formulation through the Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) method, where the Economic Analysis of Law (EAL) mechanism serves to oversee economic analysis prior to the enactment of legislation. However, the implementation of EAL still requires further support and attention so that the desired policy outcomes can be achieved accurately and effectively. The application of economic analysis and evidence-based disambiguation improves the quality of regulations in terms of legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture.

Evaluating Non-Physical Special Allocation Funds for Women and Children Protection Services in Indonesia

2026-09-09T14:23:56+00:00

This study evaluates the performance and contribution of the Non-Physical Special Allocation Fund for Women and Children Protection (DAK NF PPA) in supporting protection services for women and children who are victims of violence at the subnational level in Indonesia. Although the government has sought to strengthen service delivery through fiscal transfers, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of this funding mechanism remains limited. The study addresses this gap by evaluating the contribution of DAK NF PPA to local service delivery and identifying the institutional and implementation factors that shape its performance. The study employs an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The first phase involved analyzing secondary data, including budget execution reports, rapid assessments, implementation records, and institutional data, to assess program performance. The second phase used in-depth interviews to further explain these findings and examine the contextual, institutional, and implementation factors influencing service outcomes. The evaluation uses the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development–Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC) criteria of relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability. The findings indicate that DAK NF PPA supports victim assistance, cross-sectoral coordination, and basic protection services.
However, comprehensive service coverage remained limited in 2025, with only 42.04% of child victims and 45.46% of women victims receiving comprehensive services, highlighting a persistent gap between policy targets and implementation outcomes. Institutional capacity constraints within local technical service units (UPTD PPA) continue to limit the delivery of comprehensive services. This study contributes to the literature on public finance and service delivery by highlighting the importance of strengthening local institutional capacity and aligning
fiscal transfers with measurable service outcomes

Consumer Satisfaction Perceptions Regarding Prices, Products, And Service At Pizza Hut Wailela, Ambon City, Maluku

2026-09-09T22:55:59+00:00

This study aims to analyze consumer satisfaction perceptions regarding prices, products, and service at Pizza Hut Wailela in Ambon City, Maluku. The study was conducted from February to March 2026 using a descriptive analysis method. The sample consisted of 100 respondents selected based on the criterion that they had visited and made purchases at Pizza Hut Wailela. Consumer perceptions were measured using a Likert scale with five response options. The results showed that consumer perceptions of price had an average score of 4.33 and fell into the “very good” category. Consumer perceptions of products had an average score of 4.28 and were also in the “very good” category, which included evaluations of the products’ taste, quality, portion size, and texture. Meanwhile, consumer perceptions of service received an average score of 4.27 and fell into the “very good” category, encompassing interior design, comfort, ease of ordering, as well as the friendliness and politeness of employees. Thus, consumers’ overall perceptions of Pizza Hut Wailela’s pricing, products, and service fall into the “very good” category. The research results indicate that these three aspects have earned positive evaluations from consumers regarding Pizza Hut Wailela.

Government Size, Fiscal Capacity, and Financial Distress in Local Governments: A Systematic Literature Review

2026-09-11T00:22:41+00:00

Decentralization requires local governments to manage resources and finances in a sustainable manner, so that financial distress becomes an important issue when fiscal capacity is not able to meet the needs of government services and obligations. This study aims to analyze the relationship between government size, fiscal capacity, and financial distress in local governments based on the perspective of Agency Theory. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with PRISMA guidelines for 30 articles indexed by Scopus and SINTA. The results of the study show that the size of government provides resources while increasing complexity and spending needs, while fiscal capacity determines the government's ability to meet these needs. The imbalance between government size, fiscal capacity, and liabilities can increase the risk of financial distress. From the perspective of Agency Theory, supervision, transparency, and accountability are needed to support the financial sustainability of local governments.

Intellectual Capital, Competitive Advantage, and Financial Performance: A Systematic Literature Review

2026-09-11T00:32:21+00:00

This study examines the relationship between intellectual capital, competitive advantage, and financial performance using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 50 international journal articles were analyzed based on PRISMA guidelines to identify research trends related to intellectual capital dimensions, competitive advantage development, and firm performance. The findings indicate that intellectual capital contributes to strengthening competitive advantage through effective management of knowledge, human resources, organizational capabilities, and external relationships. Based on the Resource-Based View (RBV) perspective, valuable and unique resources can become strategic advantages when properly managed. The study also highlights the role of financial performance in supporting the effectiveness of intellectual capital utilization. This research provides a structured understanding of how intellectual resources contribute to competitive advantage and sustainable firm performance.

The Value of Companies in the Era of Digital Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review

2026-09-11T00:40:07+00:00

This study examines the role of digital transformation in enhancing firm value through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 50 peer-reviewed articles were analyzed using PRISMA guidelines to identify research trends related to digital capabilities, digital innovation, data utilization, organizational resources, and value creation mechanisms. The findings reveal that digital transformation contributes to firm value improvement through operational efficiency, innovation development, strategic decision-making, and the effective utilization of digital resources. Furthermore, the Resource-Based View (RBV) perspective highlights that companies can achieve sustainable competitive advantages when digital assets and organizational capabilities are effectively integrated. However, challenges remain regarding technological adaptation, organizational readiness, resource management, and alignment between digital strategies and business objectives. This study contributes to the literature by providing a structured synthesis of previous research and emphasizing the importance of digital capabilities in creating sustainable firm value in the digital era.

Corporate Characteristics and Cross-Border Transfer Pricing Decisions: Evidence from a Systematic Literature Review

2026-09-11T00:48:20+00:00

This study examines corporate characteristics and cross-border transfer pricing decisions through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 50 peer-reviewed international articles were analyzed based on the PRISMA guidelines to identify research trends related to firm characteristics, multinational enterprises, transfer pricing strategies, corporate governance, and international tax regulations. The findings indicate that transfer pricing decisions are influenced by firm size, ownership structure, internationalization level, operational complexity, and regulatory pressures. Furthermore, effective governance mechanisms, information transparency, and internal control systems contribute to more accountable transfer pricing practices. However, challenges remain regarding regulatory differences, compliance requirements, information asymmetry, and the complexity of global transactions. This study contributes to international accounting literature by providing a structured synthesis of previous research and highlighting the importance of integrating corporate characteristics, governance mechanisms, and global regulatory perspectives in understanding cross-border transfer pricing decisions.

The National Cultural Foundations of Financial Statements Integrity: A Systematic Literature Review Through the Lens of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions

2026-09-11T01:44:43+00:00

This study examines the influence of national culture on financial statements integrity through the perspective of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory and Gray’s Accounting Values Theory using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 50 peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2026 were analyzed based on PRISMA guidelines. The review focuses on cultural dimensions, accounting values, transparency, conservatism, professional judgment, and financial reporting practices across different countries. The findings indicate that national culture influences managerial behavior, disclosure practices, accounting decisions, ethical considerations, and financial reporting integrity. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions explain how societal values affect organizational attitudes toward accountability, uncertainty, and transparency, while Gray’s Accounting Values Theory demonstrates how cultural characteristics shape accounting practices through professionalism, uniformity, conservatism, and secrecy. This study highlights that financial statements integrity is influenced not only by accounting standards and regulatory frameworks but also by cultural factors embedded within organizations and societies. The study contributes to international accounting literature by providing a broader understanding of the role of cultural values in shaping financial reporting practices and strengthening financial statements integrity.

Beyond Accuracy: Leakage-Audited Machine Learning for Explainable Microcredit Risk Screening at Bank Mandiri

2026-09-11T01:44:53+00:00

Accuracy can misrank models when at-risk borrowers are rare and missed risk is costlier than unnecessary review. This study evaluates a leakage-audited, explainable machine-learning framework for microcredit risk screening at Bank Mandiri and addresses prior work that rarely links temporal feature availability, class imbalance, and asymmetric error costs. A quantitative cross-sectional experiment used 1,718 anonymized active-facility records from four Palembang microbusiness units. An audit reduced 29 candidate fields to 13 operational predictors. Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, and Random Forest were evaluated through a stratified 80:20 split and training-only fivefold cross-validation. A tuned Decision Tree achieved the highest test accuracy (96.22%; 331/344) but detected 15 of 24 at-risk facilities. Random Forest at a training-selected 0.46 threshold achieved 95.35% accuracy and detected 18 of 24. The accuracy difference was not significant (exact McNemar p = .607). Cost analysis showed that thresholded Random Forest becomes preferable when a false negative costs more than twice a false positive. Account liquidity explained 88.72% of Decision Tree impurity reduction. The study contributes a transparent governance rule connecting leakage control, interpretability, and asymmetric screening costs while preserving human oversight.

The Use of Contextual-Based Poster Media to Improve Reading Fluency of Fifth-Grade Elementary School Students with Learning Difficulties

2026-09-11T05:45:12+00:00

The purpose of this study was to use contextual poster media to help fifth-grade elementary school students with learning disabilities improve their reading fluency. The low reading fluency of the students—which was demonstrated by issues with accuracy, fluency, reading pace, and prosody, including word mispronunciation, reluctant reading, and improper intonation—was the driving force for the study. The Kemmis and McTaggart approach was used in this study's two cycles of Classroom Action Research (CAR). Two fifth-grade kids with learning disabilities, designated as SL and AS, served as the research subjects. Tests of reading fluency, documentation, and observation were used to gather data. Reading fluency assessments and observation sheets for teacher and student activities made up the research tools. The pre-action, Cycle I, and Cycle II outcomes were compared in order to analyze the data using descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods. The achievement of the predefined reading fluency metrics was used to determine the action's success. The results demonstrated that students' reading fluency was enhanced by the usage of contextual poster media. While student AS's reading fluency score rose from 74% to 93%, student SL's grew from 66% in Cycle I to 83% in Cycle II. Additionally, during the learning process, students' interest, participation, and self-confidence all showed improvements. Thus, it can be said that fifth-grade elementary school pupils with learning disabilities were able to increase their reading fluency through the usage of contextual poster media.

Improving Reading Fluency Through an Assignment-Based Repeated Reading Method for At-Risk Slow Learner Students in Grade V at SD Negeri 009 Malinau Kota

2026-09-11T05:53:38+00:00

This study was motivated by the low reading fluency of at-risk students with slow learner characteristics in Grade V of SDN 009 Malinau Kota. The students experienced difficulties in reading fluently, made pronunciation errors, read with inappropriate intonation, and required more time to understand texts. This study aimed to describe the implementation of the Repeated Reading strategy and determine its effectiveness in improving students' reading fluency. This study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, which was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The participants were at-risk students with slow learner characteristics in Grade V of SDN 009 Malinau Kota. Data were collected through observations, reading fluency tests, and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The findings indicated that the implementation of the Repeated Reading strategy improved students' reading fluency. The improvement was reflected in better reading accuracy, speed, and expression, as well as increased confidence and participation in reading activities. Therefore, the Repeated Reading strategy is effective in improving the reading fluency of at-risk students with slow learner characteristics in elementary schools.

Improving Fluent Reading Skills for Slow Learner Students in Grade VII Through the Implementation of Guided Reading

2026-09-11T06:02:29+00:00

This study aims to improve the fluent reading skills of a seventh-grade slow learner student at SMP Negeri 3 Malinau Kota through the guided reading method assisted by "Story Calendar" (Kalender Cerita) media. The subject's main problems included low reading ability, high learning anxiety, passivity, and visual-spatial disorientation regarding twin letters (b-d and p-q). This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR), which was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting stages. The subject of this research was one student with slow learner difficulties. Data were collected through teacher and student activity observation sheets, as well as reading learning outcomes performance tests. Data analysis techniques were carried out using qualitative descriptive analysis for the learning activity observation results and quantitative descriptive analysis to measure individual learning outcomes based on the average score formula. The results showed a highly significant increase in each stage. In the initial condition (Pre-Cycle), the subject's learning mastery percentage was only 31.25% (very poor category). After interventions were provided in Cycle I using the Picture Walk technique, Whisper Reading, finger navigation, and Level 1 differentiated writing (copying sentences), the subject's score increased to 56.25%, but had not yet reached the minimum process target of 75%. In Cycle II, through the reinforcement of individual scaffolding, color-coding for twin letters, directed dictation techniques, and Level 2 differentiated writing (arranging word fragments), the subject's ability surged drastically to achieve a mastery percentage of 93.75% (excellent category). Psychologically and affectively, the subject transformed from a passive, anxious, and withdrawn individual into a focused, enthusiastic student who was bold enough to read aloud with proper intonation, and capable of writing full-structured sentences (S-P-O) using 100% correct punctuation mechanics on time. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of the Guided reading method with a tiered individual guidance (scaffolding) approach is empirically proven to be effective in alleviating cognitive, fine motor, and psychological barriers in slow learner students within an inclusive classroom.

Integration of ARIMA and Grey Wolf Optimizer Models for Multi-Criteria Optimization of Stunting-Oriented Nutritional Menus Based on Food Price Forecasting

2026-09-11T07:08:41+00:00

Stunting among children under five is closely associated with the fulfillment of adequate nutritional requirements, while the affordability of nutritional menus is influenced by changes in food prices. This study aims to develop an adaptive nutritional menu optimization model for children under five that responds to food price changes by integrating price forecasting and the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO). The study uses data from eight food commodities, namely premium rice, broiler chicken, chicken eggs, mackerel, carrots, potatoes, green beans, and beef, with 821 daily observations for each commodity over the period from April 1, 2024, to June 30, 2026. The research stages include preprocessing, stationarity testing, ARIMA modeling, forecasting evaluation, 30-day price forecasting, price pattern and volatility analysis, formulation of the GWO fitness function, and menu composition optimization based on the nutritional requirements of children under five. The results show that the lowest testing MAPE of 0.26% was obtained for premium rice and beef, while the rolling forecast for premium rice achieved an average MAPE of 0.1131%. The 30-day forecasts indicate that green beans experienced the highest projected price increase of 13.1344%, whereas carrots showed a projected price decrease of 1.8907%. In the GWO optimization, the price and volatility weights were 0.676063 and 0.323937, respectively, while return received no weight. The optimization produced a total menu portion of approximately 445.34 grams, with an estimated cost of IDR 9,557.65, while satisfying all minimum targets for energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates. These findings indicate that integrating food price forecasting with metaheuristic optimization can support the development of nutritional menus that account for future price conditions, thereby potentially improving cost efficiency and the adaptability of nutritional menu planning for children under five.

Web-Based Cryptocurrency Wallet Portfolio Risk Assessment System Using the Rule-Based Classification Method

2026-09-11T15:14:32+00:00

Retail cryptocurrency investors struggle to assess portfolio risk because conventional statistical methods such as Value at Risk produce probabilistic outputs that are difficult for non-expert users to interpret. This study develops a web-based cryptocurrency wallet portfolio risk assessment system that combines Rule-Based Classification with the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). The system evaluates each asset through four quantitative variables: market capitalization, 24-hour trading volume, 30-day price volatility, and liquidity ratio. These variables are processed by an IF-THEN rule base that produces a score from 0 to 12 and classifies assets into three risk levels, namely Low (below 5), Medium (5 to 8), and High (9 and above). At the portfolio level, HHI measures asset concentration as diversified below 0.15, moderate between 0.15 and 0.25, and concentrated at 0.25 or higher. The system covers Solana through Helius, Ethereum through Alchemy, and Bitcoin through Blockstream, with market data from CoinGecko. Testing comprised 250 automated tests on the two core modules, consisting of 87 unit tests and 163 rule-base validation tests, all passed with 100 percent code coverage on four metrics. Fourteen black-box scenarios succeeded, and Equivalence Partitioning together with Boundary Value Analysis verified the classification thresholds. Validation against an independent manual reference on 89 assets produced a 100 percent agreement level and a Cohen's Kappa of 1.0000. Evaluation of four portfolio scenarios showed that system output matched manual calculation on every component. The combination yields a transparent portfolio risk assessment presented as risk categories with traceable rule explanations.

Development Of A Mobile Application For Visiting Students In Optimizing Service Quality Management At The Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School

2026-09-11T15:28:00+00:00

This study aims to analyze the development of the Sambang Santri mobile application and its effect on service quality management at Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach involving 50 respondents consisting of students’ guardians and service administrators. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires, then analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression. The results indicate that the Sambang Santri mobile application achieved a feasibility level of 81.1%, categorized as highly feasible. The use of the mobile application had a positive and significant effect on service quality management, with a contribution effect of 51.7% (R² = 0.517) and a regression coefficient of 0.762. The application contributed to improvements in service accessibility, processing speed, efficiency, and user satisfaction. This study demonstrates that mobile-based service digitalization can support more effective and adaptive service quality improvement in Islamic boarding school environments.

Improving The Reading Fluency Of Students With Learning Difficulties Through Picture Card-Aided Repeated Reading In Grade IV Of Elementary School

2026-09-12T02:58:53+00:00

This study aims to improve the reading instruction process and to enhance reading fluency, including the aspects of speed, accuracy, and expression (prosody) among fourth-grade students with learning difficulties at SD Negeri 006 Malinau Kota. This study was a collaborative Classroom Action Research (CAR) based on the Kemmis & McTaggart spiral model. The research was conducted from March to May 2026 at SD Negeri 006 Malinau Kota, focusing on 5 male fourth-grade students identified with learning difficulties. The implemented intervention was the repeated reading model aided by visual picture cards. Data were collected through oral read-aloud tests, observation sheets for teacher and student activities, and documentation. Data analysis was performed using descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative techniques. The findings indicated a gradual and significant improvement in reading fluency across all stages. Indicator analysis showed that students' reading rates became smoother and more stable, pronunciation errors (omissions and substitutions) decreased considerably, and reading prosody (pausing and intonation) developed well.The students' average reading fluency score improved from 4.6 in the pre-cycle phase (poor/fair category), rose to 6.6 in Cycle I (fair/good category), and reached 8.6 in Cycle II (good/excellent category). The classical mastery learning percentage jumped drastically from 0% in the pre-cycle to 60% in Cycle I, and reached an absolute success rate of 100% in Cycle II. wwwrrrrThe implementation of a repeated reading model assisted by picture cards has proven successful in improving the reading fluency of fourth-grade students with learning disabilities at SD Negeri 006 Malinau Kota. This collaboration has successfully improved the quality of the process and outcomes of basic literacy learning in an inclusive classroom setting.

The Effect of Role Conflict on Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Work Stress Among Generation Z Employees

2026-09-12T03:11:53+00:00

This study aims to analyze the effect of role conflict on work stress and turnover intention and to examine the mediating role of work stress in the relationship between role conflict and turnover intention among Generation Z employees in Semarang City. This study employed a quantitative approach using a questionnaire survey. The sample consisted of 96 Generation Z employees in Semarang City selected through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS. The results indicate that role conflict has a positive and significant effect on work stress and turnover intention. However, work stress does not have a significant effect on turnover intention. Furthermore, work stress does not mediate the relationship between role conflict and turnover intention. These findings indicate that role conflict is an important factor that can increase work stress and employees’ intention to leave the organization. Therefore, effective management of role conflict is important to reduce turnover intention among Generation Z employees.

Ten Years User Experience Development of Moodle in Higher Education Context: A Systematic Literature Review

2026-09-12T03:37:52+00:00

Currently, approximately 561 LMS have been developed worldwide to assist teaching and learning processes and other academic needs. During the ten years of Moodle's development as an LMS, to our knowledge, no prior systematic review has comprehensively examined Moodle interface design across these specific dimensions (consistency, usability, navigation, information hierarchy, visual appearance, and user testing). This review addresses several key research questions: (1) What journal platforms publish the most journals about Moodle interface design? (2) Who are the most frequently cited authors in the last ten years? (3) How has the Moodle interface design developed in the last ten years? (4) What are the concerns or gaps regarding the Moodle interface design that can be used as a reference for further LMS development research? This literature review focuses on studies conducted from 2015 to 2025 on using Moodle in academic institutions. Following the PRISMA-p protocol for systematic searching and screening, researchers used bibliometric analysis (VOSviewer) to answer RQ1, RQ2, and RQ4 and using thematic analysis to find the third research question’ answer. The sustained volume of publications (67 articles) and the continued research interest across multiple journal platforms suggest Moodle's ongoing relevance as an LMS in higher education contexts during the review period. Emerging but underexplored themes include ethics and data safety. Moreover, Given the limited research on AI integration in Moodle interfaces within our corpus and the single article addressing data safety, future research examining these emerging concerns would strengthen the evidence base for Moodle development prioritiesand develop as the automatization world keeps moving forward.

Teacher Strategies In Improving Students' Academic Performance At State Elementary School 8 Rantau Bayur

2026-09-12T09:24:42+00:00

This study aims to describe and analyze: (1) The implementation of teacher strategies to improve student academic performance at Rantau Bayur 8 Public Elementary School; (2) Barriers to implementing strategies to improve student academic performance at Rantau Bayur 8 Public Elementary School; and (3) Solutions implemented to overcome these barriers to strategies to improve student academic performance at Rantau Bayur 8 Public Elementary School. This is a qualitative study using descriptive qualitative methods. The study was conducted at Rantau Bayur 8 Public Elementary School, Banyuasin Regency, with six respondents. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that: (1) The strategies implemented by teachers indicate that improving student academic performance is influenced not only by the classroom learning process, but also by thorough planning, ongoing evaluation, strong motivation, and parental support established through good communication between the school and the family; (2) The main obstacles in implementing teacher strategies to improve student academic performance at SD Negeri 8 Rantau Bayur are limited facilities and resources, limited learning time, differences in student abilities, lack of parental support, and low student learning motivation; and (3) Solutions used to overcome various obstacles that arise in implementing learning strategies at SD Negeri 8 Rantau Bayur include improving the utilization of infrastructure and resources, developing teacher professional skills, strengthening collaboration with parents, implementing differentiated learning, and providing motivation and emotional support to students.

The Principal's Role In Improving Teacher Motivation And Performance At State Elementary School 121 Palembang

2026-09-12T09:56:16+00:00

This study aims to describe and analyze the principal's managerial role in improving teacher motivation and performance at Public Elementary School 121 Palembang. The focus of this research covers four main aspects of management: planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The principal served as the key informant, supported by the vice principal and class teachers. The results indicate that: (1) Planning is carried out through data-based needs analysis (EDS and Education Report Cards) and involves teachers in a participatory manner to foster a sense of ownership. (2) Organization is realized through a clear division of tasks (tupoksi), routine coordination, and strengthening the Teacher Working Group (KKG) forum. (3) Implementation is carried out through humanistic leadership, motivation, appreciation, and direct role modeling (leading by example). (4) Supervision is carried out through planned and ongoing academic supervision, using a constructive, two-way discussion approach rather than fault-finding. Obstacles identified included limited administrative time for the principal, differences in teacher characteristics, and limited infrastructure. Solutions included prioritizing time management, delegating tasks to the vice principal, engaging in a personal approach, and gradually optimizing available facilities. Overall, the principal's effective and humane managerial role has proven significant in improving teacher work motivation and professional performance in the learning process.

The Influence Of Academic Supervision And Work Environment On Teacher Professionalism In State Elementary School In Rantau Bayur District

2026-09-12T10:08:50+00:00

This study aims to analyze: (1) The influence of academic supervision on teacher professionalism at Public Elementary Schools in Rantau Bayur District; (2) The influence of the work environment on teacher professionalism at Public Elementary Schools in Rantau Bayur District; and (3) the influence of academic supervision and the work environment on teacher professionalism at Public Elementary Schools in Rantau Bayur District. This study is a quantitative study with an associative research type. This study was conducted at Public Elementary Schools in Rantau Bayur District, Banyuasin Regency with 116 informants. Data collection techniques used observation, questionnaires and documentation. The results of the study show that: (1) There is an influence of academic supervision on teacher professionalism at Public Elementary Schools in Rantau Bayur District, Banyuasin Regency with a percentage level of influence of 42.8%; (2) There is an influence of the work environment on teacher professionalism at Public Elementary Schools in Rantau Bayur District, Banyuasin Regency with a percentage level of influence of 30.6%; and (3) There is a joint influence of academic supervision and the work environment on teacher professionalism at SDN Rantau Bayur District, Banyuasin Regency, with a percentage influence of 44.7%, with the remaining 55.3% influenced by other factors not included in the study.

Collaborative Governance in the Management of the Ciliwung River Basin: A Stakeholder Analysis of Tanah Abang Downstream Segment

2026-09-12T10:57:30+00:00

The Ciliwung River Basin is one of the strategic areas that plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem balance and the sustainability of water resources. However, the management of the Ciliwung Watershed still faces various problems, including weak coordination among stakeholders. This study aims to analyze the relationships among stakeholders in the management of the Ciliwung Watershed and to formulate strategies for optimizing watershed management based on collaborative governance. This research uses a stakeholder mapping analysis approach based on the Integrated Watershed Management theory, which emphasizes the importance of integrating ecological, social, economic, and institutional aspects, as well as the Collaborative Governance theory proposed by Ansell & Gash. The method used in this study is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to analyze collaborative governance in the management of the Ciliwung Watershed, particularly in the downstream segment of the Tanah Abang area, Central Jakarta. This study found that the management of the Ciliwung Watershed in the downstream segment of Tanah Abang still faces complex environmental and governance problems, where weak law enforcement (89%) and inter-institutional coordination issues (88%) represent the primary barriers. Consequently, this study highlights the urgent need to formalize cross-regional collaborative forums, establish an integrated watershed data system, and enhance community-based environmental stewardship to achieve sustainable river basin governance.

Busuu Application On Students’ Reading Skills Development

2026-09-12T11:10:22+00:00

This study aimed to describe how students used the Busuu application in their previous reading activities and how they perceived its use in an EFL classroom context. The study employed a descriptive qualitative method involving 35 students of Grade XI.3 and one English teacher at SMA PGRI 1 Palembang. Data were collected through classroom observation, questionnaire, student interviews, and teacher interview, with student interviews used as the main source of data and the other instruments used for supporting and triangulation purposes. The data were analyzed using data condensation, categorization, data display, and conclusion drawing based on Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña (2014). The results showed that students used Busuu mainly for reading short texts, following instructions, and doing reading tasks and also used some strategies such as rereading, guessing the meaning from context, and using digital features such as translation tools, audio, pictures, and videos to help them in understanding the meanings of vocabulary and sentences. The results also showed that these elements helped students to manage their reading while some students still had problems with unfamiliar vocabulary, sentence comprehension, and some idioms. As for student perceptions, most students perceived Busuu as a useful and practical application that facilitated their reading activities. Some students also reported their reliance on digital features and the importance of teacher guidance and independent reading practice in enhancing their understanding.

Systematic Journal Review: Efektifitas Edukasi Diet Dash melalui Vidio Animasi berbasis Whatsapp terhadap Kepatuhan Diet pada Pasien Hipertensi

2026-09-13T13:17:15+00:00

Hipertensi masih menjadi salah satu penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi tinggi di dunia sehingga memerlukan strategi pengendalian yang efektif melalui perubahan gaya hidup, termasuk penerapan diet Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). Pemanfaatan video animasi berbasis WhatsApp sebagai media edukasi kesehatan berkembang pesat, namun bukti ilmiah mengenai efektivitasnya terhadap kepatuhan diet DASH belum tersintesis secara komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bukti ilmiah mengenai efektivitas edukasi diet DASH melalui video animasi berbasis WhatsApp dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan diet pada pasien hipertensi. Penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Journal Review (SJR) dengan mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada basis data Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar terhadap artikel yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2020–2026 sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan. Sebanyak 420 artikel berhasil diidentifikasi, kemudian melalui proses seleksi diperoleh 10 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria untuk dianalisis. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa edukasi diet DASH melalui video animasi berbasis WhatsApp secara konsisten meningkatkan kepatuhan diet, self-care, self-efficacy, serta pengetahuan pasien mengenai hipertensi. Intervensi tersebut juga berkontribusi terhadap penurunan tekanan darah dan perbaikan berbagai indikator klinis melalui peningkatan kepatuhan terhadap pola makan DASH. Selain itu, media digital berbasis WhatsApp dinilai mudah diakses, fleksibel, ekonomis, serta berpotensi diterapkan pada berbagai fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, termasuk wilayah dengan keterbatasan sumber daya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa edukasi diet DASH melalui video animasi berbasis WhatsApp merupakan strategi edukasi kesehatan digital yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan diet pasien hipertensi dan layak dikembangkan sebagai pendekatan berbasis bukti dalam pengendalian hipertensi.

Exercise, Nutrition, and Love of Learning as Predictors of Critical Thinking Skills in Elementary School Students: Evidence from Indonesia's Seven Habits Framework

2026-09-14T04:06:43+00:00

Critical thinking is a foundational twenty-first-century competency, yet international assessments continue to show Indonesian students trailing global benchmarks, prompting renewed attention to the everyday, non-academic habits that may underlie children's cognitive development. This study tested whether exercise habits, nutritious eating, and love of learning -- three of the habits foregrounded in Indonesia's national Seven Habits of Great Indonesian Children framework -- jointly and individually predict the critical thinking skills of sixth-grade elementary students. Using an ex post facto, associative quantitative design, data were collected via Likert-scale questionnaires from all 38 sixth-grade students (saturated sampling) at a public elementary school and analyzed with multiple linear regression in IBM SPSS Statistics 26. All three predictors significantly and positively predicted critical thinking: exercise habit (B = 0.275, t = 2.511, p = .017, standardized beta = .250), nutritious eating (B = 0.384, t = 3.767, p = .001, standardized beta = .397), and love of learning (B = 0.262, t = 2.997, p = .005, standardized beta = .377). Nutritious eating was the dominant predictor. Together, the three variables significantly predicted critical thinking, F(3, 34) = 59.140, p < .001, explaining 83.9% of its variance (R-squared = .839; adjusted R-squared = .825). Diagnostic testing confirmed normally distributed residuals, no multicollinearity (tolerance > .29, VIF < 3.4 for all predictors), and no heteroscedasticity. The findings suggest that cultivating children's critical thinking benefits from attention to physical and dispositional habits, not only classroom pedagogy, with implications for whole-child education policy in comparable elementary school systems worldwide.

Social Media Use, Social Environment, and Family Economic Background as Predictors of Adolescent Saving Behavior: Evidence from Indonesia

2026-09-14T05:50:09+00:00

Adolescent saving behavior is widely recognized as a foundational component of financial literacy, yet students in many developing-country school systems continue to show inconsistent saving habits, prompting renewed attention to the social and economic factors that may underlie it. This study tested whether social media use, social environment, and family economic background jointly and individually predict tenth-grade students' saving behavior. Using an ex post facto, associative quantitative design, data were collected via Likert-scale questionnaires from all 32 tenth-grade students (saturated sampling) at an Islamic senior high school and analyzed with multiple linear regression in IBM SPSS Statistics 26. All three predictors significantly and positively predicted saving behavior: social media use (B = 0.289, t = 3.167, p = .004, standardized beta = .348), social environment (B = 0.254, t = 4.162, p < .001, standardized beta = .401), and family economic background (B = 0.189, t = 2.832, p = .008, standardized beta = .318). Comparing standardized beta coefficients -- the appropriate metric when predictors are measured on different item scales -- social environment, not social media use, was the dominant predictor, correcting an unstandardized-coefficient-based conclusion in the source study. Together, the three variables significantly predicted saving behavior, F(3, 28) = 48.209, p < .001, explaining 83.8% of its variance (R-squared = .838; adjusted R-squared = .820). Diagnostic testing confirmed normally distributed residuals, no multicollinearity (tolerance > .45, VIF < 2.2 for all predictors), and no heteroscedasticity. The findings suggest that cultivating adolescents' saving behavior benefits from attention to their social surroundings and family economic context, not only individual financial literacy instruction, with implications for financial-education policy in comparable secondary school systems.

Community Engagement, Love of Learning, and Religious Practice as Predictors of Elementary Students' Self-Confidence: Evidence from Indonesia's Seven Habits Framework

2026-09-14T06:03:20+00:00

Self-confidence is a foundational non-cognitive competency for children's academic and social development, yet international assessments continue to show Indonesian students trailing global benchmarks, prompting renewed policy attention to character-based, non-cognitive habit formation alongside cognitive instruction. This study tested whether community engagement, love of learning, and religious practice -- three of the habits foregrounded in Indonesia's national Seven Habits of Great Indonesian Children framework -- jointly and individually predict the self-confidence of Grade 5 elementary students. Using an ex post facto, associative quantitative design, data were collected via Likert-scale questionnaires from all 34 Grade 5 students (saturated sampling) at a public elementary school and analyzed with multiple linear regression in IBM SPSS Statistics 26. All three predictors significantly and positively predicted self-confidence: community engagement (B = 0.274, t = 2.093, p = .045, standardized beta = .281), love of learning (B = 0.452, t = 2.449, p = .020, standardized beta = .363), and religious practice (B = 0.559, t = 2.294, p = .029, standardized beta = .321). Love of learning emerged as the dominant predictor on the standardized metric. Together, the three variables significantly predicted self-confidence, F(3, 30) = 26.187, p < .001, explaining 72.4% of its variance (R-squared = .724; adjusted R-squared = .696). Diagnostic testing confirmed normally distributed residuals, no multicollinearity (tolerance > .42, VIF < 2.4 for all predictors), and no heteroscedasticity. The findings suggest that cultivating children's self-confidence benefits from a holistic, habit-based approach that integrates social, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions rather than any single intervention, with implications for character-education policy in comparable elementary school systems worldwide

Instructional Media Use, Teacher Competence, and Principal Performance as Predictors of Elementary Teacher Performance: Evidence from Indonesia

2026-09-14T06:13:06+00:00

Teacher performance is widely regarded as one of the most decisive school-level factors in learning quality, yet elementary schools in many developing-country systems continue to report inconsistent instructional media use, uneven teacher competence, and variable school leadership, prompting renewed attention to the factors that jointly sustain effective teaching. This study tested whether instructional media use, teacher competence, and principal performance jointly and individually predict elementary teachers' job performance. Using an ex post facto, associative quantitative design, data were collected via Likert-scale questionnaires from all 24 teachers (saturated sampling) at a public elementary school and analyzed with multiple linear regression in IBM SPSS Statistics 26. All three predictors significantly and positively predicted teacher performance: instructional media use (B = 0.735, t = 3.550, p = .002, standardized beta = .471), teacher competence (B = 0.393, t = 2.475, p = .022, standardized beta = .312), and principal performance (B = 0.316, t = 2.597, p = .017, standardized beta = .246). Instructional media use was the dominant predictor by both criteria. Together, the three variables significantly predicted teacher performance, F(3, 20) = 90.887, p < .001, explaining 93.2% of its variance (R-squared = .932; adjusted R-squared = .921). Diagnostic testing confirmed normally distributed residuals, no multicollinearity (tolerance > .19, VIF < 5.2 for all predictors), and no heteroscedasticity. The findings suggest that sustaining elementary teachers' job performance depends jointly on classroom-level resources, individual competence, and school leadership, with implications for teacher-development policy in comparable elementary school systems.

Peer Influence, Student Ethics, and Learning Independence as Predictors of Elementary Students' Academic Discipline in Science Education: Evidence from Indonesia

2026-09-14T06:28:53+00:00

Academic discipline is a foundational condition for classroom learning, yet elementary teachers in many school systems report a decline in students' self-regulated conduct, prompting renewed attention to the social and dispositional habits that may underlie it. This study tested whether peer influence, student ethics, and learning independence jointly and individually predict fourth-grade students' discipline in science (IPAS) learning. Using an ex post facto, associative quantitative design, data were collected via Likert-scale questionnaires from all 38 fourth-grade students (saturated sampling) at a public elementary school and analyzed with multiple linear regression in IBM SPSS Statistics 26. All three predictors significantly and positively predicted learning discipline: peer influence (B = 0.328, t = 2.412, p = .021, standardized beta = .280), student ethics (B = 0.413, t = 2.375, p = .023, standardized beta = .271), and learning independence (B = 0.451, t = 5.355, p < .001, standardized beta = .527). Learning independence was the dominant predictor by both criteria. Together, the three variables significantly predicted learning discipline, F(3, 34) = 29.186, p < .001, explaining 72.0% of its variance (R-squared = .720; adjusted R-squared = .696). Diagnostic testing confirmed normally distributed residuals, no multicollinearity (tolerance > .61, VIF < 1.7 for all predictors), and no heteroscedasticity. The findings suggest that cultivating elementary students' learning discipline benefits from attention to peer relationships, ethical character, and self-regulated learning skills, not only classroom rule enforcement, with implications for character-education policy in comparable elementary school systems.

Implementation of In-Depth Learning With The GASING Method Based on Mathematical Games for Elementary School Student

2026-09-14T06:52:54+00:00

This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of deep learning through the GASING Method, a mathematical game-based approach to addition operations in elementary schools. The research background is based on the low achievement of Indonesian students' numeracy literacy, as reflected in the results of the 2022 PISA and the National Assessment, which indicate that mathematics learning is still predominantly procedural and has not fully developed conceptual understanding. This study integrates the principles of deep learning, the Gasing Method stages (concrete–semi-concrete–abstract–conjecture), and the game-based learning approach in one systematic implementation model. The learning implementation was designed through manipulative activities, number pattern exploration, mental arithmetic strategies, and metacognitive reflection based on tiered games. Mathematical games were used as a pedagogical medium to enhance students' cognitive and affective engagement. The implementation results showed that in-depth learning based on the GASING Method encouraged the formation of relational understanding in addition operations, increased the flexibility of counting strategies, strengthened concept transfer, and increased students' self-confidence. Theoretically, this model aligns with cognitive constructivism, concrete operational development theory, cognitive load theory, and learning transfer theory. These findings demonstrate that the integration of in-depth learning with the GASING Method, a mathematical game-based approach, is relevant to the demands of the Independent Curriculum and contributes to strengthening elementary school numeracy literacy. The resulting conceptual model can be replicated as an alternative design for systemic, reflective, and contextual mathematics learning

Principal Leadership Matters: Examining Its Effects on Work Motivation and Discipline Among Science Teachers in Public Secondary Schools

2026-09-14T07:45:48+00:00

Effective school leadership is widely regarded as one of the most consistent predictors of teacher motivation and workplace discipline, yet evidence from science-teacher populations in decentralised, resource-constrained school systems remains limited. This study examined the effect of principal leadership on the work motivation and work discipline of science (IPA) teachers in Indonesian public senior secondary schools, using an ex post facto quantitative design with total sampling of 30 biology and physics teachers (16 biology, 14 physics) across six public senior secondary schools in a regency in South Sulawesi Province. Data were collected through three 40-item Likert questionnaires measuring principal leadership, teacher work motivation, and teacher work discipline, and analysed using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality and Glejser/Levene homogeneity tests, and multiple linear regression. Teachers perceived principal leadership (M = 150.47, SD = 10.65) and their own work discipline (M = 152.23, SD = 6.47) as very high, while work motivation (M = 141.80, SD = 13.71) was somewhat more variable. Principal leadership significantly predicted teacher work motivation (p < .001), although the coefficient was unexpectedly negative, a pattern attributed to restricted score range rather than a genuine adverse effect; leadership also significantly predicted work discipline (p < .001). In the combined model, principal leadership together with work motivation explained 99.6% of the variance in work discipline (R = .998, R² = .996, F(2,27) = 3750.63, p < .001), although this near-perfect fit is interpreted cautiously as a probable artefact of common-method variance and multicollinearity given the small sample and same-source, same-time measurement. The findings affirm principal leadership as a central, internationally salient lever for cultivating motivated and disciplined science-teaching staff, while illustrating the methodological caution required when self-report predictors are measured concurrently in small samples.

Beyond Surface Learning: Deep Learning-Based Card Sort Media for Enhancing Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Biology Education

2026-09-14T07:53:02+00:00

Twenty-first-century education calls for a shift from surface, rote memorisation toward deep, higher-order thinking, yet many active-learning media, including the popular Card Sort technique, still risk facilitating only surface engagement. This study examined a Deep Learning-based Card Sort medium designed to trigger cause-effect reasoning rather than visual matching, testing its effect on learning activity and learning outcomes using a quasi-experimental, Nonequivalent Control Group design at a senior secondary school in Indonesia, on the human movement system topic. The sample comprised an experimental class of 22 students and a control class of 25 students. Data were collected through a learning-activity observation sheet and pretest-posttest achievement tests, and analysed with descriptive statistics, N-Gain, normality and homogeneity tests, and an independent samples t-test. The experimental class recorded a mean learning-activity score of 86.73% (very active) against 75.56% (active) in the control class. Its posttest mean reached 90.55 with 100% mastery learning, compared with 82.08 and 84% mastery in the control class, and its mean N-Gain was 0.7396 (high category) against 0.5533 (moderate) in the control class. The independent samples t-test confirmed a significant difference between groups (t = 3.9221, p = 0.0003). These findings indicate that embedding deep-learning principles into Card Sort media meaningfully strengthens both engagement and higher-order achievement, offering a low-cost, globally transferable model for active learning reform in science classrooms.

Transformational School Leadership and Digital Innovation in Biology Education: A Qualitative Case Study from a Rural Indonesian Secondary School

2026-09-14T08:26:26+00:00

School leadership is widely regarded as a decisive factor in the success of digital transformation in education, yet qualitative evidence on how principals translate transformational leadership behaviour into concrete support for technology-based science instruction, particularly in resource-constrained, rural school settings, remains limited. This study analysed the transformational leadership of a public senior secondary school principal in promoting digital-based innovation in Biology learning, using a qualitative case-study design. Informants comprised the principal, the vice-principal for curriculum, Biology teachers, other teachers involved in digital-learning development, and Grade XII science students, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and documentation, and were analysed through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification, with credibility strengthened by source and technique triangulation and member checking. Findings show that the principal's transformational leadership was expressed through all four classic dimensions: idealized influence, evident in the principal's own commitment to and modelling of technology-supported instructional improvement; inspirational motivation, expressed through sustained encouragement and articulation of a shared vision for digital-based learning; intellectual stimulation, reflected in the principal's encouragement of teachers to experiment with digital media and jointly solve implementation problems; and individualized consideration, shown through differentiated coaching that matched support to each teacher's digital competence. Teachers responded positively to this leadership, adopting tools such as PowerPoint, YouTube, and instant-messaging platforms in Biology instruction, although digital competence varied considerably among staff. Supporting factors included the principal's commitment, teacher enthusiasm, and the availability of digital devices and internet access, while inhibiting factors included unstable internet connectivity, limited teacher digital competence, and constrained student internet quotas. The principal addressed these barriers through training, mentoring, supervision, infrastructure development, and the cultivation of a collaborative, appreciation-based school culture. The study concludes that transformational leadership functions as a critical enabler of digital innovation in science instruction, a pattern with relevance to school systems worldwide that are navigating similar digital-transformation demands under resource constraints.

Cultivating 21st-Century Collaboration Skills: The Roles of Group Learning and Interactive Whiteboard-Integrated Instruction in Middle School Social Studies

2026-09-14T08:58:00+00:00

Collaboration is widely recognized as one of the core twenty-first-century competencies, alongside critical thinking, creativity, and communication, that education systems worldwide are seeking to cultivate, yet quantitative evidence on which classroom conditions most reliably predict it, particularly in social studies instruction, remains limited. This study examined the effects of group learning and interactive learning with smartboard (interactive whiteboard) integration on the collaboration skills of Grade VII students in social studies at a public middle school, using an ex post facto, associative quantitative design. Data were collected via Likert-scale questionnaires from all 55 Grade VII students (saturated sampling) and analysed with multiple linear regression in IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Results showed that group learning had no statistically significant effect on students' collaboration skills (B = 0.233, t = 1.303, p = .198), whereas interactive learning with smartboard integration had a significant positive effect (B = 0.727, t = 5.824, p < .001) and was the dominant predictor (standardized beta = .691 versus .155). Together, the two variables significantly predicted collaboration skills (F = 49.883, p < .001), explaining 65.7% of its variance (R-squared = .657; adjusted R-squared = .644). Diagnostic testing confirmed no multicollinearity (tolerance = .468, VIF = 2.137 for both predictors) and no clear heteroscedasticity, although the group learning-collaboration relationship showed a significant deviation from linearity, a finding discussed as a boundary condition on the non-significant result. The findings suggest that merely placing students in groups is insufficient to build collaboration skills unless accompanied by genuinely interactive, technology-supported pedagogy, with implications for social studies classrooms in resource-comparable school systems worldwide.

Enhancing Students' Learning Interest through Picture-Based Smart TV Media in Buddhist Religious Education

2026-09-15T00:19:36+00:00

This study aims to analyze the use of picture-based Smart TV media in increasing students' learning interest in Buddhist Religious Education at TK Dharma Loka 1. The study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. The research subjects consisted of a Buddhist Religious Education teacher and students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the use of picture-based Smart TV media had a positive impact on the learning process and students' learning interest. The use of pictures, colors, videos, and audio displayed on the Smart TV increased students' attention, enthusiasm, curiosity, and active participation during learning activities. Students became more focused on the learning materials and more confident in answering questions, asking questions, and retelling the learning content. Picture-based media also helped students understand and remember the learning materials more concretely in accordance with the characteristics of early childhood development. In addition, Smart TV enabled teachers to present learning materials systematically and variably while creating a more active and enjoyable learning interaction. Therefore, the use of picture-based Smart TV media can be an appropriate learning media innovation for increasing students' learning interest and engagement in Buddhist Religious Education at TK Dharma Loka 1.

Teachers’ TPACK, Students’ Digital Literacy, and Digital Learning Attitudes at SMA Negeri 1 Wamena, Papua

2026-09-15T04:00:58+00:00

This study investigates how teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) competencies shape students’ digital literacy and their attitudes toward digital learning within a rural senior high school context. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Wamena, Papua a region characterized by limited digital infrastructure, restricted access to professional training, and significant socioeconomic constraints among the student population. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with English subject teachers and students, non-participant classroom observations, and document analysis. Thematic analysis revealed three overarching themes: the enactment of TPACK competencies in classroom practice was adaptive and context-sensitive, with higher-TPACK teachers employing creative strategies to integrate technology despite infrastructural limitations; students’ digital literacy development was significantly shaped by the quality of instructional support received, though constrained by limited device access and unstable internet connectivity; and teachers actively interpreted and navigated contextual challenges, yet systemic barriers including inadequate professional development and insufficient institutional support impeded effective technology integration. The findings contribute contextually grounded insights to the TPACK literature by illustrating how rural and resource-constrained environments mediate the relationship between teacher competence, student digital literacy, and attitudes toward digital learning. Implications for teacher professional development policy and digital infrastructure investment in remote Indonesian regions are discussed

The Effectiveness of An Industry-Based Teaching Factory Model in Improving Machining Competence, Technical Creativity, and Work Readiness among Vocational High School Students

2026-09-16T10:03:46+00:00

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Industry-Based Teaching Factory Model in improving machining competence, technical creativity, and work readiness of Mechanical Engineering Vocational High School students in City X. The study used a quantitative approach with an experimental method and a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 138 students from four Mechanical Engineering Vocational High Schools, namely State Vocational High School A, State Vocational High School B, State Vocational High School C, and State Vocational High School D. Data were collected through competency tests, practical assessments, and technical creativity and work readiness measurement instruments. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics through descriptive statistics, normality tests, and paired sample t-tests. The results showed that after the implementation of the Industry-Based Teaching Factory Model, students experienced improvements in the three aspects studied. This model is effective in strengthening machining competence through production experiences that refer to industrial standards and procedures, developing technical creativity through problem solving and developing alternative solutions, and increasing work readiness through habituation of discipline, responsibility, cooperation, adaptation, and industrial work culture. Thus, the Industry-Based Teaching Factory Model can be an effective vocational learning approach in strengthening the connection between the learning process in vocational schools and industrial demands and supporting the formation of competent, creative, adaptive Mechanical Engineering graduates who are ready to enter the world of work.

The Community Phenomenon In Victor Turner's Theory: A Comparative Study Of Social Integration In The Fête De La Saint-Jean In France And The Erau Festival In Indonesia

2026-09-16T10:20:23+00:00

Festivals are cultural spaces where collective identities are produced, negotiated, and maintained through symbols, rituals, and community participation. This study aims to compare cultural practices at the Fête de la Saint-Jean in France and the Erau Festival in Indonesia, explain the formation of liminality and community, and formulate patterns of social integration and the conditions that support and limit them. The study uses a qualitative interpretive approach with a comparative study design and qualitative content analysis. Data include ritual actions, cultural symbols, use of space, participation patterns, and social interactions obtained from visual, audiovisual, and textual documentation. Sources were selected purposively based on their credibility, completeness, clarity of context, and relevance to the research focus. Analysis was conducted deductively based on the concepts of separation, liminality, antistructure, community, and reaggregation in Victor Turner's theory, and inductively to identify contextual themes. Within-case analysis continued with cross-case comparisons, while the validity of the findings was maintained through source triangulation, examination of conflicting evidence, reflective notes, and audit trails. Both festivals transformed public spaces into ritual spaces that enabled the loosening of formal relations and social hierarchies. The Fête de la Saint-Jean fosters togetherness through spatial proximity and a symbolic orientation toward fire, while the Erau Festival generates reciprocal interactions through the use of water in Belimbur. Both mechanisms generate spontaneous communities characterized by equality, closeness, and collective emotion. However, the existence of ritual authority, role allocation, rules of organization, and zoning indicate that the resulting antistructure is partial. Differences in ritual mediums demonstrate that communities can form through diverse participation mechanisms. Fire focuses collective attention and experience, while water strengthens relationships through direct physical action. While both have the potential to support social integration, shared presence does not necessarily result in sustainable relationships if participants are merely spectators. Liminality opens the possibility for the weakening of hierarchies, but does not guarantee permanent social integration. Sustainable integration is determined by open participation, the maintenance of ritual meaning, community involvement, institutional governance, and the balance between cultural preservation and tourism interests.

Integration of Local Wisdom-Based Project-Based Learning to Improve High School Students' English Speaking Skills in Buru Regency

2026-09-16T10:32:37+00:00

Developing high school students’ English speaking skills in EFL contexts like Buru Regency remains challenging due to low self-confidence, teacher-centered methods, and a lack of authentic communicative opportunities. Integrating Project-Based Learning (PjBL) with local wisdom presents a contextual approach to address these issues. This study aims to analyze the improvement in students’ English speaking skills following the implementation of local wisdom-based PjBL, describe its instructional syntax, and identify the supporting and hindering factors during implementation. Employing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, the study involved 72 tenth-grade students divided equally into an experimental class (local wisdom-based PjBL) and a control class (conventional instruction). Quantitative data were collected via pre- and post-tests analyzed through inferential statistics (t-test), while qualitative data were gathered through observations, interviews, and documentation analyzed thematically. Quantitative results revealed a statistically significant improvement in the experimental class’s speaking mean score, rising from 59.44 to 76.00, compared to the control class (t = 17.825, p < 0.001). Qualitatively, the seven-stage PjBL syntax successfully shifted students into active learners. Key supporting factors included prior schema activation, reduced language anxiety, and authentic speaking autonomy. Conversely, time constraints, initial linguistic deficits, first-language dominance in group work, and limited out-of-school exposure were identified as main obstacles. Integrating local wisdom into PjBL serves as an effective pedagogical strategy to enhance English speaking competence and student engagement in culturally rich regions.

Analysis of the Relationship Between Policy Implementation and Research Performance of Lecturers at the Ministry of Health Polytechnic (Poltekkes Kemenkes)

2026-09-16T12:11:05+00:00

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between policy implementation and lecturer research performance at Poltekkes Kemenkes. Employing a quantitative correlational design, the study involved a number of lecturers whose data were analyzed using logistic regression. Findings indicate overall low lecturer research performance, with a median SINTA score of 11, where 49.1% of lecturers fall into the low-performance category due to insufficient publications in reputable journals and infrequent SINTA profile updates. Overall policy implementation was rated good (51.5%), yet significant areas require improvement. Specifically, policy implementation correlated significantly with lecturer research performance; suboptimal implementation increased the risk of low performance by 1.302 times (COR 1.302; 95% CI: 1.13–1.51). Poor inter-organizational relationships increased the risk of low research performance by 1.25 times (COR 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08–1.45), while inadequate resources increased the risk by 1.276 times (COR 1.276; 95% CI: 1.10–1.48). A less conducive socio-economic and political environment increased the risk by 1.189 times (COR 1.189; 95% CI: 1.03–1.37). Implementers' disposition or attitude had the strongest impact, increasing the likelihood of low performance by 1.443 times (AOR 1.443; 95% CI: 1.25–1.67), explaining 1.1% of performance variation. This study extends Edward III’s policy implementation framework by positioning implementer disposition as the most potent determinant in the context of lecturer research performance, demonstrating that without strong commitment and understanding, resources and structure alone are insufficient. Therefore, the conclusion highlights the importance of improving policy implementation holistically, particularly through enhancing implementer disposition and resources, to boost lecturer research performance at Poltekkes Kemenkes.

Strengthening the Valid Data Verification System and Supervision of 3 Kg LPG Distribution for Beneficiary Communities

2026-09-16T12:23:22+00:00

This research aims to analyze the strategies for strengthening the data verification system and supervising the distribution of 3 kg Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) to ensure precise targeting for designated beneficiaries. The background of this study is driven by high fiscal inefficiency caused by inclusion error phenomena, where non-target affluent groups consume subsidized commodities. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a literature review approach and secondary data analysis concerning national energy policies for the 2021-2026 period. The findings indicate that the integration of an integrated distribution system with the Social Welfare Integrated Data (DTKS) through National Identity Number (NIK)-based validation significantly reduces potential deviations. The full digitalisation of the 3 kg LPG distribution ecosystem from agents, depots, sub-depots, to beneficiaries can help to achieve national energy equity through a modern governance system, efficient and free from corrupt practices, whilst also facilitating oversight.

Overtourism, Land Use Change, and Environmental Carrying Capacity: Policy Gaps in Bali Tourism Governance

2026-09-16T12:39:26+00:00

Bali represents the center of Indonesia’s tourism industry, contributing more than half of the regional economy and attracting nearly half of Indonesia’s international tourist arrivals. Rapid tourism growth over the past decade has intensified environmental and spatial pressures, particularly in South Bali, through increasing infrastructure congestion, expansion of tourism amenities, and conversion of agricultural land into tourism-related development. These conditions indicate emerging overtourism pressures and raise critical questions regarding the operationalization of Environmental Carrying Capacity within Bali’s tourism governance. This study aims to analyze policy gaps in managing overtourism by examining how Environmental Carrying Capacity principles are translated into tourism and spatial planning policies in Bali. The research employs a qualitative case study approach using policy document analysis, secondary tourism statistics, and simple spatio-temporal analysis based on historical satellite imagery during the 2014 to 2024 period. The findings reveal that tourism growth in Bali has been accompanied by rapid expansion of tourism amenities concentrated in South Bali, particularly in Badung and Gianyar. Spatial analysis indicates continuing agricultural land conversion and urban expansion despite the existence of sustainability-oriented tourism and spatial planning policies. The study concludes that tourism governance in Bali remains strongly growth-oriented and that Environmental Carrying Capacity has not been effectively operationalized in development control mechanisms. This research contributes to tourism governance studies by positioning land use change as a spatial indicator for understanding policy gaps in tourism-dependent destinations.

Utilization of the Ruang Murid Digital Platform in Elementary School Learning: A Critical Study in Pedagogical Review

2026-09-17T14:44:00+00:00

The rapid development of information and communication technology has driven digitalization in education, including at the elementary school level, which demands more adaptive and interactive learning. The Indonesian government, through the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education, has introduced the Ruang Murid platform within the Rumah Pendidikan ecosystem to support digital-based learning transformation. The purpose of this study is to critically examine the use of the Ruang Murid digital platform in elementary school learning from a pedagogical perspective through a systematic literature review. This study uses the methodSystematic Literature Review (SLR) with a literature study approach to identify, review, and synthesize various research results relevant to the use of digital learning platforms, especially the Ruang Murid platform and similar platforms in the context of elementary education. Ruang Murid has significant potential in supporting learning in elementary schools. The results of the review indicate that Ruang Murid provides a variety of diverse, flexible, and easily accessible digital learning resources so that it can support student learning engagement, increase learning motivation, and expand learning opportunities outside the classroom. From a pedagogical perspective, the characteristics of Ruang Murid show alignment with the principles of active learning, student-centered learning, and constructivism theory.

Improving the Ability of Slow Learners to Identify Computer Hardware Types through Project-Based Visual Media in Informatics Learning for Grade VIII Students at SMP Negeri 1 Malinau Selatan Hilir

2026-09-18T03:50:00+00:00

This study aimed to improve the ability of slow learners to identify different types of computer hardware through the use of project-based visual media in Informatics learning for Grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Malinau Selatan Hilir. The integration of visual media with project-based learning was expected to help students understand computer hardware concepts more concretely, increase their engagement in the learning process, and develop their abilities through active and meaningful learning experiences. This study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach consisting of two cycles. Each cycle included four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Malinau Selatan Hilir, involving three Grade VIII students identified as slow learners. The data sources were the participating Grade VIII students. Data were collected through tests and interviews, while the research instruments consisted of project-based assignments supported by visual media. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods to determine the improvement in students' ability to identify different types of computer hardware. The findings indicated that the use of project-based visual media effectively improved the ability of slow learners to identify different types of computer hardware. The improvement was reflected in students' test results, their active participation during the learning process, and their ability to complete the assigned project tasks. The learning activities became more engaging, easier to understand, and more effective in increasing students' learning motivation. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that project-based visual media are effective in improving the ability of slow learners to identify computer hardware types among Grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Malinau Selatan Hilir. Therefore, teachers are encouraged to continuously utilize visual and project-based instructional media to support more inclusive learning practices that accommodate the characteristics and needs of students with special educational needs.

Enhancing Student Engagement Among Learners with Hearing Impairments Through Constructivist-Based Problem-Based Learning

2026-09-18T03:56:39+00:00

This study aimed to improve the engagement and learning outcomes of a student with hearing impairment in Civics Education (PPKn) through the implementation of constructivist-based Problem-Based Learning (PBL) supported by Student Worksheets (LKPD). The study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, conducted in two cycles. The research participant was one Grade VII student at SMP Negeri 3 Malinau Utara. Data were collected through observations of student engagement and learning achievement tests and analyzed using descriptive methods. The findings showed that the implementation of constructivist-based PBL supported by LKPD increased student engagement in the learning process and improved learning outcomes in Civics Education. The student's mean score increased from 58.33 in the pre-action stage to 72.50 in Cycle I and 86.67 in Cycle II, while learning mastery improved from 33.33% to 100%. These findings indicate that constructivist-based PBL assisted by LKPD is effective in enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes for students with hearing impairment in inclusive classrooms.

Childhood Abuse and Bullying as Predictors of Social Anxiety in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Parenting Styles

2026-09-18T06:28:51+00:00

Background: Adolescent social anxiety may be associated with adverse experiences in family and peer environments. However, evidence remains limited regarding the differentiated relationships of specific forms of childhood abuse and bullying with social anxiety and the potential mediating role of multidimensional parenting styles.

Objective: This study examined the associations of emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and bullying with adolescent social anxiety and investigated whether parenting styles mediated these relationships.

Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 155 Grade 11 students at SMA Negeri 1 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Emotional, physical, and sexual abuse were assessed using selected dimensions of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form, bullying using the Child and Adolescent Bullying Scale, parenting styles using the Parental Authority Questionnaire, and social anxiety using the anxiety/fear component of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling with bootstrapped indirect effects.

Results: Emotional abuse (β = 0.240, p < 0.001), physical abuse (β = 0.120, p = 0.046), and bullying (β = 0.390, p < 0.001) were positively associated with social anxiety, whereas sexual abuse was not significant (β = 0.070, p = 0.243). Emotional abuse, physical abuse, and bullying were significantly associated with parenting styles, while sexual abuse was not. Parenting styles were positively associated with social anxiety (β = 0.220, p = 0.015). Significant indirect effects were found for emotional abuse, physical abuse, and bullying, but not sexual abuse. The model explained 48.0% of the variance in social anxiety.

Conclusion: Bullying demonstrated the strongest direct association with social anxiety. Parenting styles constituted a significant pathway linking emotional abuse, physical abuse, and bullying with adolescent social anxiety.

Analysis Of The Physical Condition Of Football Referees C3, C2 And C1 Licenses Of Askab Blitar Year 2026

2026-09-18T13:18:36+00:00

This research is motivated by the importance of physical conditions in supporting the performance of football referees. The study aims to determine the level of physical condition of ASKAB PSSI referees in Blitar Regency based on C1, C2, and C3 licenses and analyze the differences in physical conditions between licensing levels. The study uses a quantitative approach with a comparative descriptive method. The sample consists of 25 active referees, consisting of 3 C1 referees, 5 C2 referees, and 17 C3 referees. Physical condition was measured through aerobic endurance using the Interval Run Test, repeated sprint ability using Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA), and agility using the Change of Direction Ability (CODA) Test. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene's Test, and One-Way ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that C1 referees had the best physical condition with an average VO₂max of 66.8 ml/kg/min, an RSA of 5.977 seconds, and a CODA of 10.125 seconds. The C2 referee had an average of 55.6 ml/kg/min, an RSA of 6.101 seconds, and a CODA of 10.211 seconds, while C3 had an average of 48.188 ml/kg/min, an RSA of 6.188 seconds, and a CODA of 10.745 seconds. The results of the One-Way ANOVA showed significant differences in RSA (p=0.003), CODA (p=0.028), and endurance based on the Interval Run Test (p=0.045). The findings showed that the higher the level of licensing, the better the physical condition of the referee. Therefore, a structured and continuous physical training program is needed, especially for C2 and C3 license referees.

Hybrid Warfare And Asymmetric Conflict Repositioning The Counterinsurgency Doctrine In The Context Of 21st Century Defense Operations

2026-09-18T13:38:00+00:00

Modern counterinsurgency (COIN) operations face increasingly complex challenges due to the changing nature of conflict and the growing involvement of local communities in security dynamics. Success in COIN is no longer determined solely by military power but by the state’s capacity to build political legitimacy and community trust within conflict zones. This article analyzes the strategic role of local intelligence and civil and military partnerships in enhancing COIN effectiveness through trust-based community engagement. Drawing on a systematic review of scholarly works published between 2020 and 2025, the study finds that (1) local intelligence contributes by providing contextual understanding of social, cultural, and political networks; (2) civil and military cooperation strengthens legitimacy through communication and public service delivery; and (3) operational success depends on accountability, transparency, and the alignment between rhetoric and practice. Building community trust is thus identified as the foundation of sustainable stability and legitimacy in post-conflict governance.

From Eyes to Strategy: Implications of Retina Scans for the Dynamics of Insurgency Patterns

2026-09-18T14:01:01+00:00

Not only have strategies and actors changed, but the transformation in contemporary conflict zones has also been driven by the introduction of advanced technologies that have changed the way surveillance and control are carried out. One important innovation in this regard is the use of biometric technology, specifically retinal scanning, which has been widely used in counterinsurgency operations in various conflict zones. This technology allows individuals to be accurately identified through their unique biometric characteristics, making it a vital tool for monitoring populations, blocking access to strategic areas, and tracking insurgents. This study examines the strategic impact of the use of retinal scanning on insurgency patterns, including rebel movements, civil society support, and tactical changes in asymmetric conflicts. It illustrates how this technology is used to control the conflict field and as a political-military strategy through a study of literature and contemporary conflict cases. The results of the study show that the pattern of insurgency is significantly affected by the use of retinal scanning. This technology reduces the freedom of movement of rebels because their identities are more easily traced, reduces civil society support, and encourages them to use new tactics that are more decentralized, hidden, and based on small networks. Therefore, retinal scanning serves not only as a technical tool but also as a strategic tool to change the dynamics of contemporary conflict.

The Development Of A STEM-Based Electronic Student Worksheet (E-LKPD) For Natural And Social Sciences To Enhance The Critical Thinking Skills Of Fifth-Grade Elementary School Students On The Topic Of The Human Digestive System

2026-09-18T16:12:38+00:00

This research is motivated by students' low critical thinking skills in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning, which is indicated by the prevalent use of conventional instructional materials and the suboptimal utilization of digital resources integrating the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) approach. This study aims to produce a valid, practical, and effective STEM-based Electronic Student Worksheet (E-LKPD) for IPAS to enhance the critical thinking skills of fifth-grade elementary school students specifically on the topic of the Human Digestive System. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) methodology utilizing the ADDIE development model, which encompasses the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation phases. The research was conducted at SD Negeri 112330 Tubiran, involving subject matter experts, design experts, linguists, teachers, and fifth-grade students as research subjects. Data were collected through observations, interviews, questionnaires, and critical thinking skills tests. The data were subsequently analyzed using quantitative descriptive techniques to determine the percentages of validity and practicality, as well as inferential statistics utilizing the N-Gain test and Independent Samples t-test. The results indicated that the developed STEM-based IPAS E-LKPD was deemed highly feasible, achieving validation scores of 95% from subject matter experts, 95% from design experts, 82% from linguists, and 96% from test instrument experts. The practicality test demonstrated that the E-LKPD fell into the highly practical category, with a student response rate of 98.33% and a teacher response rate of 92.81%. Furthermore, the effectiveness test revealed that the average N-Gain for students' critical thinking skills in the experimental class was 0.550 (moderate category), which was higher than that of the control class at 0.289 (low category). The Independent Samples t-test yielded a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant difference in critical thinking skills between students in the experimental class utilizing the STEM-based IPAS E-LKPD and those in the control class using conventional worksheets.

Auditor Capabilities and Workplace Pressures in Shaping Audit Quality: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda

2026-09-20T23:10:27+00:00

This study examines the determinants of audit quality through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach by analyzing the role of auditor capabilities, workplace pressures, and digital transformation in contemporary audit practices. A total of 50 peer-reviewed articles were reviewed based on PRISMA guidelines to identify research trends related to professional competence, auditor expertise, knowledge development, audit judgment, workload pressure, auditor independence, and technology adoption. The findings indicate that audit quality is influenced by the interaction between individual auditor capabilities, organizational conditions, and technological advancement. Auditor competence, experience, and continuous learning strengthen audit effectiveness, while excessive workplace pressures may affect professional judgment and audit outcomes. Furthermore, digital transformation through artificial intelligence and data analytics enhances auditors’ ability to evaluate risks and improve decision-making. This study contributes to auditing literature by providing an integrated understanding of factors shaping sustainable audit quality.

Governance and Risk Management of Financing in Islamic Banking Based on Textbooks, Academic Literature, and Publications of Islamic Banks: Systematic Literature Review

2026-09-20T23:21:50+00:00

This study examines governance and financing risk management in Islamic banking using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The study synthesizes 40 relevant articles sourced from academic literature, textbooks, and Islamic bank publications to map theoretical developments and finding trends. The findings indicate that corporate governance and Sharia governance mechanisms, particularly through the role of the Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB) and Internal Sharia Review (ISR), serve as complementary elements in mitigating financing risk. Furthermore, governance plays a strategic role in ensuring operational compliance and asset stability. However, several studies report mixed results, indicating that the effectiveness of governance organs in reducing non-performing financing depends heavily on board competence quality, risk types, and institutional environment differences. Therefore, future research should develop integrated models positioning Sharia governance as a moderating or mediating variable, particularly through comparative studies in the ASEAN region to achieve optimal operational outcomes.

Does ESG Create Financial Value? A Systematic Literature Review of Corporate Financial Performance and Firm Characteristics

2026-09-20T23:30:40+00:00

This study examines whether Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) creates financial value for companies by reviewing the relationship between ESG and corporate financial performance through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 61 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2021 and 2026 were analyzed based on PRISMA guidelines. The review focuses on the relationship between ESG and financial performance, firm characteristics, ESG measurement, and accounting-based and market-based measures of financial value. The findings indicate that the relationship between ESG and financial performance is not uniform, with studies reporting positive, negative, insignificant, and conditional relationships. The variation in findings is associated with differences in firm characteristics, including firm size, cash holdings, leverage, and industry sensitivity, as well as differences in ESG measurement and financial performance proxies. This study contributes to the ESG and corporate finance literature by synthesizing the existing evidence on ESG-related financial value and identifying research gaps for future studies.

Improving Language Skills Through The Storytelling Method In Group B Early Childhood

2026-09-21T00:03:48+00:00

Language skills are one of the developmental aspects that need to be stimulated from an early age because they play an important role in children's ability to communicate, express ideas, and interact with their environment. Observations in Group B of PAUD Pelangi showed that most children still experienced difficulties in answering questions, expressing opinions, and retelling stories in a coherent manner. This study aimed to improve children's language skills through the implementation of the storytelling method using animal-themed stories. This study was a Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis and McTaggart model and was conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The research subjects were 21 Group B children. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. The results showed that the percentage of children who reached the Developing as Expected (BSH) and Developing Very Well (BSB) categories increased from 47.6% in Cycle I to 85.7% in Cycle II. These findings indicate that animal-themed storytelling supported by big books and hand puppets is effective in improving children's language skills and can be used as an engaging learning alternative appropriate to the characteristics of early childhood.

Handling Strategies for Artificial Intelligence Misuse via Deepfakes in Digital Information Spreading from an Asymmetric Warfare Perspective

2026-09-21T07:46:18+00:00

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to new security vulnerabilities, particularly through the malicious deployment of deepfakes in digital information dissemination. During the civil demonstrations of August 2025 in Indonesia, deepfake technology was aggressively utilized as a tool of asymmetric warfare to circulate institutional hoaxes, defame security personnel, and trigger instantaneous public unrest. This study aims to evaluate the strategic handling and mitigation countermeasures implemented by national security agencies specifically BSSN, Komdigi, Kemhan, and BIK Intelhan in neutralizing these cognitive threats. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method with a comprehensive literature and policy review, this research analyzes the operational capabilities and institutional gaps within Indonesia's cyber defense architecture. The findings indicate that while primary detection frameworks exist, a highly integrated, real-time counter-propaganda mechanism and synchronized cross-sectoral coordination are still heavily required to counter modern asymmetric digital operations. Consequently, this study provides strategic policy recommendations to fortify national stability and digital resilience against sophisticated synthetic media operations.

A Literature Study On The Influence Of Parental Involvement On Elementary School Mathematics Learning Outcomes

2026-09-22T06:59:01+00:00

Families, especially parents, occupy the most fundamental position as the primary educational agents, shaping a child's intellectual foundation and character from an early age. The quality of parental involvement in a child's learning process significantly influences the growth of learning motivation, which ultimately leads to improved overall academic achievement. This study aims to systematically review and synthesize the results of various previous empirical studies that focus on the relationship between active parental participation and students' mathematics learning outcomes at the elementary school level. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by searching for relevant scientific articles through three online academic platforms: Google Scholar, Garuda (Garba Rujukan Digital), and SINTA. The study results consistently demonstrate that active parental involvement has a significant positive impact on improving elementary school students' mathematics learning outcomes

The Implementation of Environment Based Contextual Teaching and Learning in Smartphone Photography Instruction for Class X TO 3 Students at SMKN 3 Semarang

2026-09-22T07:19:30+00:00

This study aims to describe the implementation of environment based Contextual Teaching and Learning in smartphone photography instruction for Class X TO 3 students at SMK Negeri 3 Semarang. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach conducted from April 10 to 29, 2026. Data were collected through observation, semi structured interviews, and documentation involving learning activities, students’ experiences, photographic works, and teacher information. Data were analyzed through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings indicate that the school environment functioned as an authentic context and visual learning resource. Learning activities included environmental observation, visual exploration, smartphone photography practice, discussion, presentation, and reflection. These activities enabled students to construct understanding through direct experience and interaction while developing visual decision making, problem solving, communication, collaboration, and reflective abilities. Environment based contextual learning therefore supported active, collaborative, and reflective photography learning

Strengthening the Institutional Domain of the Evaluation of Sectoral Statistics Implementation from a Network Governance Perspective

2026-09-22T07:48:13+00:00

Sectoral statistics are a crucial component of the National Statistical System, providing data to support the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of government policies. The Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) conducts the Evaluation of Sectoral Statistics Implementation (EPSS) as an instrument to measure the maturity level of sectoral statistics implementation through the Statistical Development Index (IPS). This study aims to analyze the design of the Institutional Domain in BPS Regulation Number 3 of 2022 concerning the Evaluation of Sectoral Statistics Implementation using the Klijn and Koppenjan Network Governance perspective and formulate directions for its strengthening. The study employed a qualitative approach through document analysis of laws and regulations, EPSS policy documents and guidelines, and relevant scientific literature. The analysis was conducted by mapping aspects and indicators of the Institutional Domain into the concepts of substantive, strategic, and institutional complexity, as well as network management. The analysis shows that the Institutional Domain encompasses three aspects: professionalism, adequate and capable human resources, and statistical organization. These three aspects provide the basis for transparency, data quality, competence, collaboration, the Indonesian One Data Forum, relationships with Statistical Data Supervisors, and the implementation of Walidata duties. However, this design predominantly measures the existence and maturity of procedures, roles, forums, and activities rather than the quality of interactions between actors and the ability to manage resource dependencies, differing interests, and network complexity. The study recommends strengthening network management mechanisms, coordination capacity among Walidatas, effective forums, and follow-up on EPSS results. This strengthening is more appropriately directed at deepening implementation and coaching mechanisms rather than simply adding new indicators.

Accelerating Bureaucratic Strengthening In Cultural Tourism Village Development: A Case Study Of The Trowulan Area, Mojokerto Regency

2026-09-23T00:20:55+00:00

Bureaucratic strengthening is an important foundation for achieving effective, inclusive, and sustainable rural development. In the context of cultural tourism villages, bureaucratic capacity extends beyond the administrative capabilities of village governments to include the ability to establish cross-sectoral coordination, manage resources, utilize digital technologies, and engage communities and other stakeholders in the development process. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of accelerating bureaucratic strengthening in the development of cultural tourism villages in the Trowulan area, Mojokerto Regency. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 20 informants comprising village government officials, administrative personnel, community leaders, tourism-related MSME actors, and representatives of the local government, as well as through focus group discussions (FGDs), observations, and document analysis. The findings indicate that bureaucratic strengthening faces major challenges: limited bureaucratic capacity, fragmented coordination among actors, suboptimal institutional arrangements and division of authority, limited digitalization of administrative processes, and overlapping policy implementation. At the same time, the Trowulan area, as a cultural heritage area containing various historical destinations, requires a governance approach that involves government, communities, businesses, cultural organizations, and other supporting actors. The study demonstrates that accelerating bureaucratic strengthening should focus on continuous capacity building for government personnel, collaborative institutional arrangements, digital transformation, regulatory harmonization, and data-driven, participatory cultural tourism planning. The findings further demonstrate that bureaucratic strengthening is not merely a matter of improving administrative capacity but rather a process of institutional transformation aimed at creating adaptive, collaborative, and sustainable governance of cultural tourism villages.

Analysis Of The Potential Impacts Of The National Civil Servant Talent Management Policy In Supporting The Fulfillment Of Target Positions: Ex-Ante Regulatory Impact Assessment

2026-09-23T00:49:53+00:00

National Civil Servant Talent Management (MTASNN) is a career system designed to prepare selected Civil Servants (ASN) to fill target positions based on potential and performance assessments. Despite regulatory mandates under PermenPANRB 3/2020 and PermenPANRB 20/2025, implementation has been stalled up to 2026 due to incomplete regulations concerning the National Talent Committee (KTN) and varying institutional readiness. This study conducts an ex-ante Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) to evaluate proposed policy alternatives for target position fulfillment. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative design, data were gathered through unstructured interviews with key officials at the Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform, observations, and document analysis. The evaluation compares two options: (1) direct KTN recommendations to the Final Assessment Team (TPA) without open selection, and (2) KTN recommendations coupled with open selection. Findings indicate that while Option 1 requires significant regulatory adjustments and faces potential institutional resistance, it effectively secures meritocratic succession. Option 2 offers easier implementation but risks compromising meritocracy by allowing non-talent pool candidates to enter strategic positions. The study recommends adopting Option 1 with executive policy alignment to realize reliable, long-term talent mobility.

Integrated Women’s Leadership As Strengthening The Implementation Of The Women And Child-Friendly Village Policy

2026-09-23T03:50:22+00:00

This study aims to analyze the strengthening of women’s leadership in the implementation of the Women- and Child-Friendly Village (Desa Ramah Perempuan dan Peduli Anak/DRPPA) policy and to formulate an integrated women’s leadership model as an approach to strengthening the policy. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by reviewing and synthesizing previous studies on women’s leadership, women’s empowerment, village development, and DRPPA implementation. The findings indicate that women have actively contributed to social activities, community empowerment, and the protection of women and children. However, such involvement has not always been accompanied by increased representation of women in strategic positions or village decision-making processes. This condition is influenced by structural and cultural barriers, including patriarchal norms, gender stereotypes, limited leadership capacity, and suboptimal institutional support and gender-responsive policies. Based on the literature synthesis, this study formulates an Integrated Women’s Leadership Model comprising women’s organizing, capacity building, the expansion of participation spaces, the strengthening of village institutions, and gender-responsive systemic support. The model is expected to strengthen women’s position as development actors and support the implementation of DRPPA in a manner that is inclusive, participatory, gender-equitable, and sustainable.

Strengthening Community Empowerment Through The RT Keren Program In Kepanjenkidul District, Blitar City

2026-09-23T06:11:55+00:00

he Rukun Tetangga Keren (RT Keren) Program is an innovative policy of the Blitar City Government that decentralizes authority for planning, budget implementation, and development oversight directly to the neighborhood community level. This study aims to analyze the process of community empowerment through the RT Keren Program in Kepanjenkidul District, Blitar City, by examining two main dimensions of Cook and Macaulay’s ACTORS Theory: Authority and Responsibilities. The research uses a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach. Data were collected through direct field observations in 7 urban villages, examination of administrative documents and Budget Plans (RAB), and in-depth interviews with informants consisting of subdistrict and urban-village officials, physical and non-physical facilitator teams, administrators of the Urban Village Community Empowerment Institution (LPMK), the Family Welfare Empowerment Team (PKK), Neighborhood Association (RW) administrators, Neighborhood Association (RT) administrators, Community Group (Pokmas) administrators, and beneficiary residents. The findings show that, in the Authority dimension, the RT Keren Program has successfully transferred formal and substantive authority to residents through RT deliberation forums and Pokmas, enabling them to independently manage a budget of IDR 50,000,000 per RT per year. However, the exercise of this authority faces structural barriers in the form of disparities in administrative literacy and strict financial technical guidelines. In the Responsibilities dimension, the program has successfully revitalized the social capital of mutual cooperation and stimulated collective responsibility for maintaining physical infrastructure and sustaining non-physical economic units. The study recommends greater flexibility in technical guidelines for budget disbursement, periodic managerial training for Pokmas, and an extension of the post-training development cycle for non-physical programs to achieve resilient and empowered communities.

Tanjung Buton Industrial Estate as a Machine of Growth: Evaluation of the Impact of the PPP Scheme on Siak's PAD Posture

2026-09-23T13:13:49+00:00

The Tanjung Buton Industrial Estate (KITB) in Siak Regency is projected as a major engine of growth to transform the regional economic structure from dependence on the raw extractive sector to downstream processing industries based on palm oil and maritime logistics. Although the Siak Regency Government has allocated up to tens of billions of rupiah in capital participation from the Regional Budget (APBD) to the managing Regional Owned Enterprises (BUMD) (such as PT KITB and PT Sarana Pembangunan Siak/SPS), the performance of this area's contribution to Regional Original Income (PAD) has not been optimal. This study aims to analyze the KITB's posture, dissect governance and capital participation issues, describe key indicator trends during the 2021–2024 period, and evaluate the implementation of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme to optimize Siak Regency's PAD posture from 2025 onward. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method based on policy document studies, regional financial reports, and literature synthesis. The results show that governance issues such as uncertainty about the legal status of Management Rights (HPL) land, overlapping land allocations between BUMDs, and limited financial capacity of managers are the main obstacles to the realization of the PPP project. Data trends over the past four years (2021–2024) confirm that Siak's PAD portion remains between 10% and 15% of the total regional budget (APBD), with dividend contributions from regionally-owned enterprises (BUMDs) managing KITB (Tribunal-owned enterprise) remaining very limited. Restructuring the PPP scheme through equitable risk sharing, clarity of legal status, and integrated investment incentives is projected to transform Siak's PAD structure through a surge in regional tax revenue, levies, and BUMD profit shares.

Implementation Of Government Regulation Number 94 Of 2021 Concerning Civil Servant Discipline In Prabumulih City Government: Analysis Of The Theory Perspective Of George C. Edwards Iii And The Merit System

2026-09-23T13:24:33+00:00

This study aims to thoroughly analyze the effectiveness and barriers in implementing Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021 concerning Civil Servant Discipline within the Prabumulih City Government. The analysis is framed through the four determinant variables of George C. Edwards III's policy implementation theory—communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure—and integrated with the framework of merit system strengthening in public administration. The core issue motivating this research is the empirical discovery during unannounced inspections by the Regional Inspectorate and BKPSDM of Prabumulih City, which revealed that six civil servants across various Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) had been absent from duty for two to ten years while anomalously continuing to receive full monthly salaries. A qualitative descriptive methodology was adopted, drawing on policy document analysis, in-depth interviews, and field observations. The findings indicate that the implementation of Government Regulation No. 94 of 2021 remains suboptimal due to four critical structural barriers: policy communication that is administrative rather than transformative; resource constraints characterized by insufficient supervisory personnel and lack of integrated digital attendance systems; passive and permissive disposition of OPD heads influenced by local political patronage; and a fragmented bureaucratic structure lacking standardized integrated operating procedures. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for digitalizing oversight, embedding meritocratic accountability, and strictly sanctioning supervisory officers who fail to enforce discipline.

Scaffolding Strategy of Supervisor Teachers in Managing Students' Performative Anxiety in Madrasah Religious Activities

2026-09-24T03:04:59+00:00

Friday worship activities in madrassas require students to take turns appearing in front of school residents, so this condition has the potential to cause performative anxiety when speaking in public. The application of scaffolding is known to support students' self-efficacy, but its use as a mentoring strategy in religious activities is still limited to study. This study aims to describe the scaffolding strategy of the supervisor teacher, describe the performative anxiety conditions of students before and after mentoring, and analyze the supporting factors and inhibitions of its implementation. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed six forms of scaffolding applied by teachers, namely identification of readiness and interests, simplification of tasks and gradual exercises, continuous exercises, positive feedback and reinforcement, frustration control, and demonstration, modeling, and fading. The assistance is related to changes in students' conditions, fluency in speech, and students' confidence, although the anxiety response is different for each individual. Its application is supported by continuous practice, time allocation, and the support of teachers and peers, while the obstacles are in the form of limited facilities and time and low confidence of some students. These findings show that scaffolding can be used as a contextual mentoring strategy in madrasah religious activities.

Development of Story-Based E-Flipbook Media for Guidance and Counseling to Foster Student Self-Confidence

2026-09-24T12:18:13+00:00

This study aimed to develop a story-based e-flipbook as a guidance and counseling medium to help improve junior high school students' self-confidence. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), with the implementation limited to the Develop stage. The participants consisted of 18 seventh-grade students of SMP SWT Medan Main Education Foundation. Data were collected through needs analysis questionnaires, media expert validation, material expert validation, guidance and counseling teacher response questionnaires, and student practicality questionnaires. The novelty of this study lies in the development of a story-based e-flipbook that adopts the concept of visual storytelling as a guidance and counseling medium to foster students' self-confidence through reflective and interactive learning experiences. The findings revealed that the media achieved a feasibility score of 73.33% from the media expert, 94.66% from the material expert, 86.66% from the guidance and counseling teacher's response, and 81.02% in the student practicality test, indicating that the product was feasible and highly practical. Therefore, the developed story-based e-flipbook is suitable to be used as an innovative guidance and counseling medium to support the development of students' self-confidence and to enhance the effectiveness of counseling services in schools.

The Influence Of Social Media Marketing And Online Customer Reviews On The Purchase Decisions Of Jiniso Products Among Generation Z In Kendari City

2026-09-24T12:34:43+00:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of social media marketing and online customer review on the purchase decisions of Jiniso products among Generation Z in Kendari City. The research employed a quantitative approach using questionnaire data collected from 130 respondents who had purchased Jiniso products more than once. The respondents consisted of male and female consumers aged 17–28 years living in Kendari City. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
The results of the study indicate that social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Effective social media marketing strategies, including content creation, content sharing, connecting, and community building, were found to increase consumer interest and encourage purchasing decisions. In addition, online customer review also has a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Indicators such as perceived usefulness, source credibility, argument quality, valence, and volume of review were shown to strengthen consumer trust and confidence before making a purchase.
The R-Square value of 0.624 indicates that 62.4% of the variation in purchase decisions can be explained by social media marketing and online customer review, while the remaining 37.6% is influenced by other variables outside the scope of this study. The findings suggest that both social media marketing and online customer review play important roles in influencing the purchase decisions of Jiniso products among Generation Z in Kendari City.

Optimization Artificial Intelligence (AI) Based Halal MSME Digital Products : A Perspective Maqashid Sharia

2026-09-24T13:01:33+00:00

This study aims to analyze the optimization of halal MSME digital products based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) from a Maqashid Syariah perspective. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies with 11 halal food and beverage MSME actors in Mataram City , NTB. Thematic analysis was applied to identify patterns of meaning. The results show that MSMEs have utilized AI in the form of automatic product recommendation features and chatbots on e-commerce/WhatsApp Business platforms, as well as AI tools for graphic design and promotional texts, which significantly improved marketing content quality and audience targeting efficiency. This optimization contributed to increased operational efficiency and expanded market reach. From the Maqashid Syariah perspective, AI implementation aligns with ( hifz al-din) through emphasis on halal certification (100% MSMEs certified or in process), ( hifz al- nafs ) through improved product quality assurance (average 8.6 years in operation), and ( hifz al-mal) with increased income and economic welfare. Furthermore, ( hifz al- aql ) and ( hifz al- nasl ) are indirectly supported through increased digital literacy and creation of economic opportunities. This study extends the understanding of integrating AI technology with Islamic ethical principles within the context of halal digital MSME business. The implications highlight AI's significant potential in supporting the sustainability and growth of halal MSMEs while upholding sharia values, providing practical guidance for policymakers and business actors.

Web-Based Madrasah Digital Report Card Management and Learning Outcome Quality: A PDCA-Based Comparative Study of Two Indonesian Islamic Primary Schools

2026-09-25T01:27:18+00:00

The web-based Madrasah Digital Report Card (RDM) is now used by more than fifty-five thousand madrasahs across Indonesia, yet the quality of its governance varies between institutions and has largely been judged in narrative terms. This study measures the effectiveness of web-based RDM management through the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, compares it across two Islamic primary schools, and tests its association with the quality of student learning outcomes. A quantitative, non-experimental, comparative-associational design was employed with teachers as the unit of analysis. The entire population of 22 teachers at MI Islamiyah Kedungbondo and MI Darunnajah Kemamang in Balen District, Bojonegoro Regency, was taken as the sample through total sampling. Data were collected using four-point Likert questionnaires comprising 16 items for RDM management effectiveness and 25 items for learning outcome quality (24 retained after item analysis), supplemented by Grade V report card records and an observation sheet. Cronbach’s alpha reached .948 and .964. Because most distributions departed from normality, group differences were tested using the Mann-Whitney U test with tie correction, exact significance, and Bonferroni adjustment, while association was tested using Spearman correlation. RDM management effectiveness fell within the highly effective category at both madrasahs (88.41% and 95.16%), with Act emerging as the weakest stage at both sites. The between-school difference was not statistically supported (exact p = .381, rank-biserial r = .242). A moderate, positive, and statistically significant association was observed between the two variables (rho = .462, p = .031), with 21.34% shared variance. These findings are associational, confined to the two madrasahs studied, and are not interpreted causally

Implementation of Applied Behavior Analysis Principles in Fostering the Faith of Children with Autism at Melati Ceria Special School, Palangka Raya

2026-09-25T01:59:52+00:00

This article examines how principles of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) can be contextualized in faith formation for children with autism at Melati Ceria Special School, Palangka Raya. The discussion is positioned at the intersection of special education, behavior analysis, and Christian religious education. A qualitative descriptive, literature-informed case analysis is used to organize the discussion around reinforcement, prompting and fading, shaping, task analysis, visual supports, modeling, and generalization. Because the files supplied for manuscript preparation contain author information and the journal template but do not contain primary field notes, interview transcripts, participant numbers, or school-level outcome data, the article does not invent empirical statistics. Instead, it develops an implementation framework that can be aligned with the school's real practices and subsequently tested through field research. The analysis indicates that ABA principles are most useful for faith formation when they are applied to observable learning behaviors—such as attending to a Bible story, participating in prayer, identifying Christian symbols, practicing gratitude, joining worship routines, and demonstrating caring actions—while preserving the spiritual meaning of the activities. Effective implementation requires individualized goals, positive reinforcement, systematic prompting, gradual fading, repeated practice, family collaboration, and opportunities to generalize learned behaviors across classroom, home, church, and community settings. The article argues that behavioral structure should function as a bridge to meaningful participation rather than as a substitute for faith itself

The Role Of Christian Religious Education In Shaping A Character Of Religious Moderation Among Christian Students At Sman 1 Kapuas Tengah, Pujon Village

2026-09-25T02:40:24+00:00

This article examines the role of Christian Religious Education (CRE) in shaping a character of religious moderation among Christian students at SMAN 1 Kapuas Tengah, Pujon Village. The study uses a qualitative descriptive literature-based approach with contextual analysis. The school setting is treated as the contextual locus of the discussion, while the substantive claims are derived from scholarly literature, policy documents, and studies on religious moderation, Christian education, character education, multicultural education, and interreligious competence. The analysis indicates that CRE can contribute to religious moderation through four interconnected functions: strengthening Christian identity without exclusivism, cultivating respect and active tolerance toward people of different faiths, developing non-violent and dialogical habits, and connecting Christian values with national commitment and everyday social responsibility. The role of the teacher is central because students learn not only through explicit religious content but also through observation, interaction, modeling, and classroom culture. At the same time, the development of moderation cannot be reduced to a single subject. It requires alignment among curriculum, teacher example, peer interaction, school culture, family, and community. The article proposes a contextual model in which biblical values such as love of neighbor, justice, peace, humility, forgiveness, and service are translated into observable practices of tolerance, dialogue, cooperation, rejection of violence, and respect for constitutional and national values. The article concludes that CRE has strategic potential to shape moderate Christian character when religious learning is dialogical, contextual, inclusive, and connected with students' real social experiences

Trends, Scientific Productivity, And New Themes In Digital Literacy Training For Vocational Teachers: A Bibliometric Analysis

2026-09-25T14:13:46+00:00

for 21st-century learning demands, yet most globally available digital competence frameworks for teachers are designed for general education rather than technical and vocational education and training (TVET) specifically. This study aims to map the trends, productivity, thematic structure, and research gaps in the scientific literature on digital literacy within the context of vocational teacher training, serving as a preliminary study for a subsequent empirical training-needs analysis. Data were collected from the Scopus database in February 2026 using a combination of three keyword clusters (digital literacy/competence, training, and vocational teachers/education), limited to journal articles and conference proceedings published between 2023 and 2025, yielding 216 documents. The data were analyzed using VOSviewer through co-authorship analysis (author, organization, country), keyword co-occurrence analysis (network, overlay, density), and co-citation analysis. The results show that the number of publications increased sharply from 22 documents (2023) to 125 documents (2025), yet scientific collaboration patterns at the author, institutional, and country levels remain highly fragmented. Keyword analysis reveals that themes related to teacher training and digital competence form a considerably smaller and less dense cluster compared to themes related to vocational student learning, despite the availability of an established conceptual framework such as DigCompEdu. These findings indicate a clear research gap in empirical studies on the digital literacy training needs of vocational teachers, providing the foundation for further research based on a competency discrepancy analysis.

Construction Learning Active through CERIA Educational Media : Study Conceptual in Elementary School Education in Indonesia

2026-09-25T14:25:06+00:00

Learning active is one of the approach increasingly pedagogical get attention in context education school basis in Indonesia. However, its implementation Still face various challenges, especially limitations of learning media that are capable accommodate principles learning active in a way integrated. This article offer conceptualization of CERIA (Constructive, Engaging, Reflective, Innovative, Active) Educational Media as designed learning media framework For support construction knowledge student in a way active at the level school basic. The approach used is studies conceptual with analysis literature systematic which includes theories Study active, learning media design, and context education the basis of Indonesia. This study show that CERIA Educational Media integrates five core dimensions: constructivism cognitive, engagement multisensory, reflection metacognitive, innovation based context local, and participation active students. Every dimensions supported by a foundation strong and relevant theory with characteristics participant educate age school basis. This article also identifies indicator success implementation and implications pedagogical for teachers and developers curriculum. Study results conceptual This expected can give direction development of more learning media systematic and theoretical strong For increase quality learning active at school Indonesian basis.

Augmented Reality Teaching Materials as an Effort to Improve Elementary School Students' Understanding of Mathematical Concepts

2026-09-25T14:34:38+00:00

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR) based teaching materials in improving the understanding of geometry concepts of fourth-grade students at SDN Cicurug II. The material discussed includes the identification, description, and classification of plane and spatial shapes according to the Merdeka Curriculum framework. A quantitative approach was used with a pre-experimental design of the One Group Pretest-Posttest model, involving 22 students as research subjects selected through a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through written tests (pretest and posttest), student response questionnaires, and observation sheets of learning implementation. The instruments were validated by experts and empirically tested before use. Data analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Paired Sample t-Test, and N-Gain calculation. The results showed a significant increase in conceptual understanding, with the average score increasing from 48.86 (pretest) to 79.32 (posttest). The Paired Sample t-Test yielded a t-value of 18.42 with p < 0.001, proving a highly statistically significant difference. The average N-Gain value of 0.605 is in the moderate category, with 13.6% of students achieving the high N-Gain category. Student response data showed an average of 90.3% (Very Good category) for AR-based teaching materials. These findings confirm that the developed AR teaching materials are valid, practical, and effective for geometry learning in elementary schools. This study contributes to providing empirical evidence supporting the integration of AR technology in elementary school mathematics learning, especially in schools with limited technological infrastructure.

Study Of Toll Road Tariffs Based On BKBOK, ATP, And WTP For Fleet Owners Or Drivers Of Goods Transport Truck On The Tebing Tinggi – Pematang Siantar Toll Road Section

2026-09-26T03:50:44+00:00

Toll roads are transportation infrastructure that play an important role in improving the efficiency of freight movement by reducing travel time and vehicle operating costs. However, toll tariff determination should consider the balance between the economic benefits received by users, their ability to pay, and their willingness to pay. This study aims to analyze Vehicle Operating Cost Savings (Amount of Profit from Vehicle Operating Costs /BKBOK), Ability to Pay (ATP), and Willingness to Pay (WTP), as well as to determine the feasible toll tariff for Class II and Class III freight vehicles on the Tebing Tinggi–Sinaksak Toll Road. BKBOK was calculated using the Pd T-15-2005-B method by comparing vehicle operating costs on toll and non-toll road segments. ATP was analyzed using the Household Budget Approach (HBA), based on respondents’ income, transportation cost allocation, and travel frequency, while WTP was analyzed using the Stated Preference (SP) method based on respondents’ responses to several tariff scenarios. The results show that the BKBOK value for Class II vehicles is Rp193,833/trip or Rp4,293.83/km, while for Class III vehicles it is Rp311,608/trip or Rp6,924/km. The ATP value for Class II vehicles is Rp50,071/trip or Rp1,113/km, while for Class III vehicles it is Rp66,494/trip or Rp1,478/km. Meanwhile, the WTP value for Class II vehicles is Rp64,571/trip or Rp1,435/km, while for Class III vehicles it is Rp81,143/trip or Rp1,803/km. The higher WTP than ATP in both vehicle classes indicates that users’ willingness to pay is influenced by the perceived benefits of toll road use, while their actual ability to pay remains more limited. Based on the comparative analysis of ATP and WTP, the feasible tariff range for Class II vehicles is Rp50,071–Rp64,571/trip, whereas for Class III vehicles it is Rp66,494–Rp81,143/trip. The existing tariff of Rp78,000/trip exceeds the feasible tariff range for Class II vehicles but remains within the feasible range for Class III vehicles. The implication of this study highlights the need to evaluate the toll tariff structure based on the characteristics of each vehicle class so that tariff policy can support investment sustainability, user affordability, and the optimal utilization of toll roads by freight vehicles

Management Control System and Performance of Public Sector Organizations

2026-09-26T04:16:41+00:00

Management control systems (MCSs) have increasingly become important mechanisms for public sector organizations facing accountability requirements, efficiency pressures, service-quality demands, environmental uncertainty, digital transformation, and sustainability challenges. Nevertheless, empirical evidence concerning the relationship between MCSs and public sector organizational performance remains fragmented because control effectiveness depends on organizational context, control use, institutional pressures, organizational capabilities, and environmental conditions. This study aims to synthesize the development of research on MCSs and public sector organizational performance by integrating Contingency Theory, Agency Theory, Institutional Theory, Levers of Control, the Resource-Based View, Dynamic Capabilities Theory, and Public Value Theory. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach was adopted using the PRISMA 2020 reporting principles, while journal articles were verified through publisher metadata, DOI records, and academic repositories. Forty core articles were used as the evidence base, consisting of empirical studies, systematic reviews, and relevant conceptual studies. The synthesis indicates that MCSs should not be understood as a single control mechanism but as a control package integrating performance measurement, diagnostic control, interactive control, boundary systems, belief systems, risk management, information systems, and organizational learning. Contingency Theory suggests that MCS effectiveness depends on the fit between control design and organizational context. From the Levers of Control perspective, simultaneous diagnostic and interactive uses enable public organizations to maintain control while supporting learning and adaptation. Institutional Theory explains that some MCS practices are adopted because of legitimacy pressures, whereas the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory explain how MCSs can become mechanisms for developing organizational capabilities that contribute to performance. The review further identifies research gaps concerning the integration of MCSs with risk management, digitalization, institutional pressures, organizational resilience, and public value. Future research should develop multi-theoretical models and empirically examine the MCS–capability–performance relationship in Indonesian public sector organizations, particularly local governments.

Exploring the Strategic Role of Activity-Based Costing in Modern Management Accounting

2026-09-26T09:50:14+00:00

This study explores the strategic role of ABC in modern management accounting through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 50 peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2026 were systematically analyzed to explore the evolution of ABC, its strategic contributions to managerial decision-making, patterns of organizational adoption, factors influencing implementation effectiveness, and future development directions. The findings indicate that ABC has evolved from a traditional cost allocation method into a strategic management accounting tool that provides more accurate cost information, supports managerial decision-making, improves operational efficiency, and enhances organizational performance. The analysis further reveals that the effectiveness of ABC adoption is influenced by organizational characteristics, industry complexity, technological readiness, and environmental conditions. Moreover, the integration of TDABC, digital technologies, and data analytics highlights the continuous transformation of ABC in addressing modern business challenges. This study contributes to the literature by synthesizing empirical evidence on ABC development and providing practical insights for organizations seeking to strengthen strategic decision-making through advanced costing systems.

Quality of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Reporting: A Systematic Literature Review

2026-09-26T10:14:24+00:00

The quality of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure has received increasing attention alongside growing demands for corporate transparency and accountability to stakeholders. However, research on ESG disclosure remains inconsistent in defining and measuring disclosure quality, as some studies still use the level or quantity of disclosure as a proxy for quality. This study aims to analyze the development of research on ESG disclosure quality, identify the theories and research methods employed, examine approaches to measuring disclosure quality, and identify key findings and research gaps in the literature. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The literature analyzed consists of academic articles published between 2020 and 2025, selected through identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion procedures based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicate that research on ESG disclosure quality has evolved from approaches focusing primarily on disclosure levels toward greater attention to completeness, materiality, transparency, accuracy, information depth, and disclosure credibility. Stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory, institutional theory, agency theory, and signaling theory are among the most frequently used theoretical perspectives to explain ESG disclosure practices. Quantitative methods, particularly regression and panel data analysis, dominate the literature, while approaches to measuring disclosure quality remain heterogeneous across studies. The review also indicates that corporate governance mechanisms, firm characteristics, stakeholder pressure, regulatory requirements, and assurance are among the factors associated with ESG disclosure quality. The main research gaps concern the lack of consensus regarding the definition and measurement indicators of ESG disclosure quality, as well as the limited evidence from developing countries and the ASEAN region. This study provides a systematic mapping of the literature that can serve as a basis for developing more comprehensive and consistent measures of ESG disclosure quality in future research.

Analyzing CAR, BOPO, ROA, and GCG Toward The Firm Value of Banks on The Indonesia Stock Exchange

2026-09-28T02:48:10+00:00

This study examines whether capital adequacy (CAR), operational efficiency (BOPO), profitability (ROA), and good corporate governance (GCG) explain firm value proxied by price-to-book value (PBV) for banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The question matters because prior Indonesian evidence emphasizes financial ratios, while governance is often treated separately; integrating them can clarify which levers the market actually rewards. Using a quantitative, causal–explanatory design, we assemble a bank–year panel for 2021–2023 from public disclosures and estimate a fixed-effects model with bank and year effects, clustered inference, and robustness checks. Results show that ROA and GCG are positively and statistically significant predictors of PBV (β=0.263, p<0.01; β=0.079, p<0.05), BOPO is negative and significant (β=−0.048, p<0.01), and CAR is positive but not significant (β=0.012, p=0.296). The model exhibits a strong fit (within-R2=0.71; F=19.43, p<0.001). These findings answer the research problem by indicating that, in normal conditions, the market prices earnings capacity, credible governance, and cost discipline more than regulatory capital once minimum thresholds are broadly satisfied. The study’s value lies in providing governance-augmented valuation evidence for Indonesia, demonstrating the independent pricing power of GCG beyond traditional ratios. Without overstating generality, we suggest future work extend the time horizon, incorporate macro-financial controls, and test alternative governance proxies to assess stability across regimes.

Neoliberal Educational Policies and Their Implications for Islamic Education: A Literature Review

2026-09-28T07:19:20+00:00

Neoliberal rationalities have increasingly influenced educational governance through competition, marketization, accountability, institutional differentiation, and responsiveness to economic demands, raising important questions about their implications for Islamic education. This study aimed to examine how neoliberal educational policies are manifested in Islamic educational contexts and how their consequences are negotiated by value-based institutions. The study employed qualitative library research using a structured literature review. The population comprised peer-reviewed scholarly publications published between 2021 and 2025, while the analytical sample consisted of eligible studies selected through purposive criterion-based screening from Google Scholar and Scopus. A structured data-extraction matrix was used to organize the literature, and the data were analyzed through thematic, comparative, and interpretive synthesis. The findings identified four interconnected dimensions: institutional governance and financing, access and social equity, curriculum and educational purpose, and religious identity and value formation. Neoliberal mechanisms promoted professional management, competition, differentiation, and global competencies but were also associated with socioeconomic stratification and religious commodification. Islamic educational institutions selectively incorporated these mechanisms while maintaining moral formation, religious identity, philanthropy, and social responsibility. The study concludes that neoliberalization in Islamic education constitutes a negotiated and context-dependent institutional process.

Analysis Of Local Government Capital Participation Policy Towardsperformance Of Public Company In The Lematang Enim Drinking Water Region Muara Enim Regency

2026-09-28T22:45:40+00:00

This study aims to determine the amount of equity investment provided by the Muara Enim Regency Government to Perusahaan Umum Daerah Air Minum Lematang Enim and to investigate its impact on the company's performance. The object of this research is Perusahaan Umum Daerah Air Minum Lematang Enim in Muara Enim Regency, covering a 10-year study period from 2020 to 2025. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used a quantitative approach evaluating financial performance formulas, specifically Return on Equity (ROE), Operating Ratio, Cash Ratio, and collection effectiveness. The results of this study show that the amount of equity investment from the Muara Enim Regency Government to Perusahaan Umum Daerah Air Minum Lematang Enim varied over the years, and the company did not receive any equity investment in certain years. The impact of the equity investment on company performance is reflected in the Return on Equity, Operating Ratio, Cash Ratio, and Collection Effectiveness, which have not yet shown a positive influence on the company.

Gamification in Education: Iterative Development of Reading Bingo Quest to Support Students' Reading Habits

2026-09-29T06:24:05+00:00

Reading habits among students require learning environments that are engaging, structured, and responsive to their interests. Existing research has examined gamified reading and printed Reading Bingo separately, leaving a gap in digital platforms that integrate reading challenges, gamification, reflection, and progress monitoring. This study aimed to develop and examine the use of Reading Bingo Quest (RBQ), a gamification-based digital platform designed to support students’ reading habits. The study employed Educational Design Research (EDR) through three phases: analysis and exploration, design and construction, and evaluation and reflection. The evaluation involved two iterative cycles, with data collected using a 4-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed descriptively across usability, user experience, motivation and engagement, and reading-habit support. The findings indicated positive student responses in both cycles, with the overall mean increasing from 3.72 in Cycle 1 to 3.80 in Cycle 2 and improvements across all evaluated aspects. Iterative refinement of RBQ’s reading challenges and gamification features was accompanied by more positive responses in the second cycle. These findings highlight the potential of gamification-based digital media to create an engaging and structured environment for supporting students’ reading habits and demonstrate the value of iterative EDR in developing digital learning media.

Contractual Risk Mapping and Sharia Compliance: Evaluating Microfinance Schemes in the Fashion Industry

2026-09-29T06:39:36+00:00

Informal credit practices in rural micro-fashion retail play a strategic role in addressing consumer liquidity constraints; however, they frequently neglect standardized Shariah compliance frameworks. This study aims to analyze the level of Shariah compliance and map contractual risks within the credit schemes of rural micro-fashion businesses. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with an exploratory case study design at Nurtatik Fashion Store in Pandan Lagan Village, data were gathered through participatory observation, semi-structured in-depth interviews with the store owner, debtors, and local community leaders, as well as documentation studies. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, verified via source and method triangulation. The findings reveal that, on a fundamental substance level, the credit sales transactions align with muamalah principles—being free from interest rates (riba) and exploitative late fees—and comply with DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000. However, procedural deviations from Shariah principles occur due to complete reliance on oral agreements lacking written documentation (al-kitabah). The absence of payment receipts and unclear maturity dates induce gharar fahish (major uncertainty), which triggers moral hazard, disputes over receivable balances, and negatively impacts the principle of Hifz al-Mal (protection of wealth) for both parties. This study recommends reconstructing transaction management through written contract agreements and payment control cards to eliminate gharar, mitigate operational risks, and achieve transparent and sustainable micro-business governance.

Quran Reading Intensity and Spiritual and Emotional Intelligence among Vocational School Students in North Lombok

2026-09-29T07:47:34+00:00

Routine Quran reading is a common feature of Islamic school life, yet the frequency, duration, and consistency of students’ reading may relate differently to their spiritual and emotional development. This study examined associations between Quran reading intensity and spiritual and emotional intelligence among students at SMKS Babussalam Gangga, North Lombok, Indonesia. A quantitative, nonexperimental correlational survey included 100 students from a school population of 133. Self-report Likert questionnaires measured reading intensity and the two outcomes. Simple linear regressions assessed the composite intensity score; multiple regressions examined frequency, duration, and consistency. Reading intensity was positively associated with spiritual intelligence (B = 0.599, t = 10.728, p < .001, R² = .540) and emotional intelligence (B = 0.590, t = 9.111, p < .001, R² = .459). In the dimension models, frequency was associated with both outcomes. Consistency was associated with spiritual intelligence (p = .024), whereas duration was associated with emotional intelligence (p = .021). These findings identify distinct patterns within an established Quran reading practice. Because the data are cross-sectional and self-reported, the results support association rather than a causal effect; longitudinal research should test whether changes in reading habits precede changes in either outcome.

Data-Informed School Financial Management to Support National Education Standards: A Multi-Site Study in South Kalimantan

2026-09-29T09:56:18+00:00

School financial management shapes how public schools translate limited resources into programs that support educational standards and school improvement. This study analyzes the planning, implementation, supervision, and evaluation of financial management at SMA Negeri 1 Martapura and SMA Negeri Banua, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. A descriptive qualitative multi-site design was used. Evidence was drawn from interviews with principals and teachers, non-participant observation, and document review, including RKAS documents, financial records, accountability materials, procurement records, monitoring documents, and school-quality evidence. Data were analyzed through within-site data condensation, display, and verification followed by cross-site comparison; credibility was strengthened through source, technique, and time triangulation and member checking. The findings show that both schools use the RKAS as the main financial control instrument, while the Education Report Card and school needs inform priority setting. Implementation is accountable but institutionally differentiated: SMA Negeri 1 Martapura relies on activity proposals and SIPLah-supported procurement, whereas SMA Negeri Banua emphasizes monthly cash needs and differentiated funding sources. Supervision combines monthly managerial review, documentary control, stakeholder disclosure, and external oversight. Evaluation extends beyond expenditure realization toward program and quality relevance, although explicit reuse of Education Report Card evidence in evaluation and RKAS revision is clearest at SMA Negeri Banua. The study contributes two cross-site insights: accountable adaptation, in which different procedures preserve common governance safeguards, and a data-informed feedback loop linking quality evidence with subsequent financial priorities.

Parents' Perceptions of the Music Profession and Their Realization in Children's Music Education

2026-09-29T22:57:53+00:00

Parents' perceptions of music professions play an important role in determining the direction of children's education and musical development. Music professions continue to encounter social perceptions, particularly concerning social status, economic income, and long-term career sustainability. This study aims to analyze parents' perceptions of music professions and their actualization in music education for children. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using interdisciplinary perspectives from psychology, education, musicology, and sociology. The participants consisted of three families of students enrolled in the Music Education Study Program at Universitas Negeri Semarang, representing different family backgrounds. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Data analysis employed an interactive model consisting of data collection, reduction, presentation, and verification, while data trustworthiness was established through source and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that parents generally hold positive perceptions of music professions. These perceptions are constructed through three dimensions: social status, economic income, and long-term livelihood. Music teachers are perceived as having strong social standing due to their educational roles, while performers are perceived as having high income potential but relatively inconsistent earnings. Music professions in business and production are considered to offer long-term prospects, although they require capital, competence, and career development strategies. These perceptions are actualized through three major forms of family music education: parental involvement as educators, selection of music education institutions, and provision of supporting facilities. The findings demonstrate that parental perceptions do not remain merely cognitive constructions but are transformed into educational practices that influence children's musical development and professional orientation.

HANAN ATTAKI AND SALIM A. FILLAH'S Dakwah Communication Strategy Based on TikTok Social Media in Motivating Generation Z

2026-09-30T09:08:12+00:00

This study analyzes the da'wah communication strategies of Hanan Attaki and Salim A. Fillah through TikTok in motivating Generation Z. The study employs a qualitative approach with a netnographic method. Data were obtained through virtual observation of ten TikTok videos, consisting of five videos from Hanan Attaki/Ayah Amanah (@am.event) and five videos from Salim A. Fillah (@salimafillahofficial). Data were analyzed thematically using John Middleton's communication strategy framework, which consists of communicator, message, channel, audience, and effect. The findings show that Hanan Attaki tends to build closeness with Generation Z through relaxed, communicative, emotional, and contextual language, while Salim A. Fillah tends to use reflective, narrative, and practical delivery enriched with Islamic values. The messages cover life motivation, spiritual motivation, mental health from an Islamic perspective, marriage and destiny, repentance, family relationships, patience, happiness, and moral improvement. Audience responses appear in positive, reflective, affective, argumentative, critical, and conative forms. These responses indicate engagement and meaning-making, but should not be interpreted as direct evidence of long-term changes in religious behavior. The study concludes that TikTok functions not only as a channel for disseminating da'wah messages but also as an interactive space in which audiences interpret, respond to, and negotiate the meanings of da'wah content.

The Wage Council As An Action Arena In The Formulation of Minimum Wage Policy In Indonesia: A Literature Review

2026-09-30T09:20:45+00:00

The Wage Council brings together representatives of the government, employers, workers, and academics in deliberations on minimum wage policy; however, formal representation does not necessarily ensure equality of influence over policy recommendations. This study aims to analyze the Wage Council as an action arena in the formulation of minimum wage policy in Indonesia by examining the relationships among institutional rules, participants’ positions and resources, access to information, and interactions among stakeholders. The study employed a systematic literature review of 21 articles published between 2017 and 2025. The literature was identified through journal websites, GARUDA, Neliti, and reference-list screening. The analysis combined thematic synthesis based on the Institutional Analysis and Development framework with term co-occurrence mapping using VOSviewer. The mapping identified six clusters comprising 26 terms related to participants, institutional functions, living needs, worker mobilization, and wage determination. The synthesis indicates that changes in wage-setting formulas and the role of decent living needs surveys are associated with the scope of negotiation within the council. Organizational support, political networks, analytical capacity, and the timing of access to information create differences in participants’ opportunities to defend their proposals. Academics contribute through data processing and the clarification of policy considerations, while lobbying and mobilization connect formal deliberations with activities outside the forum. Deliberation outcomes vary between consensus and deadlock, and the council’s recommendations do not always correspond with the governor’s final decisions. The study concludes that the council’s role is shaped by the interaction among institutional rules, resource distribution, the use of information, and decision-making authority. Strengthening the process requires equitable access to information, transparent explanations of the basis for wage calculations, and systematic documentation of the reasons for accepting or rejecting proposals while taking regional differences into account.

Social Capital, Cultural Capital, and Inequality Reproduction in Low-Income Families

2026-09-30T09:32:24+00:00

Education is widely regarded as an important pathway for social mobility among low-income families. Nevertheless, previous studies on poverty and education have often emphasized structural economic constraints while giving less attention to how social and cultural capital operate within everyday family educational practices. This article examines how forms of social and cultural capital shape children’s educational experiences within three low-income families in Pasirmae Village, Pandeglang Regency, Indonesia. By focusing on a small number of cases, the study aims not to generalize broadly, but to provide an in-depth understanding of how educational support is negotiated and practiced in disadvantaged household contexts. This study employs a qualitative case study approach involving three low-income families. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations of educational practices within the household. The analysis draws primarily on Pierre Bourdieu’s framework of habitus, capital, and educational reproduction, while incorporating perspectives on social capital from James Coleman and Robert Lawang. The findings indicate that, within these cases, families demonstrated strong internal social capital through emotional attachment, parental commitment, and moral support for children’s schooling. However, limited cultural capital and weak connections with educational institutions constrained parents’ ability to navigate school expectations and access broader educational resources. These conditions suggest that family educational practices tended to prioritize maintaining school participation rather than enabling upward educational mobility. The study contributes to discussions on educational inequality by illustrating how unequal access to convertible forms of capital may shape educational experiences among poor families in specific local contexts.

Keywords: Social Capital, Cultural Capital, Children’s Education, Low-Income Families, Reproduction of Inequality.

The Social Dynamics of Collaborative Governance in Disaster Management: A Systematic Literature Review of Jakarta and Comparable Indonesian Cities

2026-09-30T09:41:18+00:00

Disasters constitute an inherent and recurrent phenomenon that disrupts social structures and generates substantial losses, with Jakarta facing acute vulnerabilities due to high population density, rapid urbanization, and exposure to floods and other hazards. This study aims to systematically review the implementation of collaborative governance in disaster management efforts in Jakarta, Indonesia, with the objective of identifying patterns of stakeholder collaboration, institutional constraints, and strategies to enhance urban resilience. This research adopted a Systematic Journal Review (SJR) methodology in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted across reputable databases including Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis Online, and Google Scholar, resulting in the inclusion of ten relevant peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025 after rigorous screening. The results indicate that collaborative governance enhances coordination among government institutions, private sector actors, NGOs, and communities, thereby improving disaster mitigation, emergency response, and recovery processes through trust-building and participatory mechanisms. Key facilitators include institutional trust, effective communication, and community engagement, while persistent barriers encompass weak inter-organizational coordination, sectoral egos, and resource limitations. Collectively, the findings affirm the strategic importance of collaborative approaches in fostering adaptive governance for disaster risk reduction in metropolitan contexts. In conclusion, the effective implementation of collaborative governance is crucial for strengthening sustainable disaster management and urban resilience in Jakarta.

Keywords: Collaborative Governance; Disaster Management; Jakarta; Stakeholder Collaboration; Urban Resilience

Healthcare Workers’ Compliance and Pediatric Patient Safety: A Social and Organizational Perspective on Fall Prevention

2026-09-30T09:49:31+00:00

Patient falls represent an important patient-safety issue that is influenced not only by clinical conditions but also by social, behavioral, and organizational practices within healthcare institutions. In pediatric inpatient settings, effective fall prevention requires consistent compliance among healthcare workers, continuous supervision, and coordinated implementation of institutional safety procedures. This study aimed to examine the association between compliance with fall prevention measures and the incidence of pediatric patient falls from a social and organizational perspective at Fauziah Mother and Child Hospital during January–June 2025. A retrospective analytic design was employed using secondary data from routine compliance audits and patient fall incident reports. The study analyzed 643 observations generated through routine hospital monitoring activities. Descriptive statistics were used to describe compliance patterns and fall incidents, while Fisher’s Exact Test was applied to examine the association between compliance and patient falls at a significance level of p < 0.05. Compliance with fall prevention measures was consistently high, ranging from 97.0% to 100.0% during the study period. Two pediatric patient fall incidents were recorded, occurring in February (1.1%) and March (1.0%). Both incidents occurred under conditions of non-compliance, whereas no falls were recorded when preventive measures were fully implemented. Fisher’s Exact Test indicated a statistically significant association between compliance and pediatric patient falls (p < 0.001). From a social and organizational perspective, the findings highlight the importance of healthcare workers’ behavioral compliance, institutional safety norms, supervision, and collective responsibility in maintaining pediatric patient safety. However, the findings should be interpreted cautiously because only two fall events were observed, limiting the precision and generalizability of the estimated association. Further research involving larger datasets and multiple healthcare institutions is recommended to examine the social and organizational factors underlying compliance with patient-safety practices.

Keywords: Healthcare Worker Compliance; Fall Prevention; Pediatric Patient Safety; Social Dimensions; Organizational Behavior.

Optimism as A Determinant of Adversity Quotient Among Construction Consultants in South Kalimantan

2026-10-01T03:34:12+00:00

This study aims to examine optimism as a determinant of the adversity quotient among construction consultants in South Kalimantan. The study employed a quantitative approach involving 247 construction consultants. Data were collected using the Adversity Response Profile® and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and then analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that optimism is a positive and significant determinant of the adversity quotient (p < 0.001), with a path coefficient of 0.793 and an R² value of 0.630. Optimism also shows a positive and significant relationship with the dimensions of Control, Ownership, Reach, and Endurance. These findings suggest that optimism plays a role in construction consultants’ ability to cope with various difficulties in their work.

Pedagogical Analysis of the Problem-Based Learning Model Assisted by the Animated Film Jumbo on Improving Analytical Skills of Intrinsic Elements in Grade VI Students at SDN 019 Pabaki

2026-10-01T03:59:08+00:00

This research was motivated by the low critical thingking skills of Grade VI students at SDN 019 Pabaki in analyzing the intrinsic elements of literary works. Students’ understanding tended to be literal and based on textual memorization. The pedagogical gap was caused by the dominance of teacher-centered learning and the limited use of multiliteracy media. This study aims to comprehensively describe the process of pedagogical analysis in implementing the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by the animated film Jumbo to improve the analytical abilities of Grade VI students at SDN 019 P (2025–2026). The film Jumbo was selected as a problem-based instrument because of its relevance to bullying issues and children’s psychological development.

The research procedure followed the PBL syntax, including problem orientation, learning organization, independent investigation, project development, and evaluation. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and learning outcome tests focusing on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Data analysis was conducted interactively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.The findings revealed that the use of problem-based pedagogical scenarios through visual media significantly increased students’ emotional and cognitive engagement. The teacher’s role shifted into that of a facilitator who encouraged healthy classroom dialectics, where students’ questions developed from literal understanding to critical analysis of character motives and the moral messages of the story. The study concludes that pedagogical reorientation through PBL assisted by animated films is highly effective in improving literary literacy competence in elementary schools.

Normative Juridical Analysis of the Transfer of Share Ownership Due to the Death of a Shareholder in a Closely Held Company and Its Implications for Legal Certainty in Business Practice

2026-10-01T05:04:39+00:00

The death of a shareholder in a private limited liability company triggers the transfer of share rights to heirs by operation of law. This transfer concerns not only the distribution of the inheritance estate but also has implications for the exercise of corporate rights—specifically regarding share ownership registration, the exercise of voting rights, the fulfillment of quorum requirements, and the validity of resolutions passed at the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS). This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing the transfer of shares via inheritance—based on the Civil Code, the Compilation of Islamic Law, and the Limited Liability Company Law—as well as the legal consequences of joint ownership of inherited shares on the heirs' exercise of corporate rights. The study employs a normative-juridical method utilizing statutory, conceptual, and limited comparative approaches. Legal materials were analyzed qualitatively through grammatical and systematic interpretation and deductive reasoning. The findings indicate that proprietary rights over shares pass to the heirs immediately upon the testator's death. However, the exercise of corporate rights vis-à-vis the company requires proof of heir status and registration in the Register of Shareholders. If a single share is owned by multiple heirs, Article 52 paragraph (5) of the Limited Liability Company Law mandates that rights arising from the share be exercised through a single joint representative. Until such a joint representative is appointed, voting rights attached to the share cannot be validly exercised, and the share cannot be counted as present or represented at the GMS. This situation can impede the achievement of a quorum and affect the validity of GMS resolutions. The study concludes that while the Limited Liability Company Law recognizes the transfer of shares by operation of law, it lacks comprehensive regulations regarding the procedure, timeframe, and resolution of deadlocks concerning the appointment of a joint representative. Therefore, technical regulations and provisions within the company's Articles of Association are required to provide legal certainty without infringing upon the rights of the heirs.

Effectiveness of Sea Employment Agreement (PKL) in Providing Legal Protection for Indonesian Crew Members (Case Study at the Tanjung Priok Main Harbormaster and Port Authority Office)

2026-10-01T06:43:44+00:00

This study examines the effectiveness of the Sea Employment Agreement in providing legal protection for Indonesian crew members, with the Main Harbormaster and Port Authority Office (KSOP Utama) of Tanjung Priok as the case study. The research addresses three aspects: the implementation and effectiveness of Sea Employment Agreement, obstacles affecting its effectiveness, and efforts to strengthen its implementation. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach combined with legal research, focusing on the relationship between normative provisions and their practical implementation. Data were obtained through interviews with relevant stakeholders, observation, documentation, and analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. Data were analyzed qualitatively through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, supported by source and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that Sea Employment Agreement implementation at KSOP Utama Tanjung Priok is generally very good, as reflected in structured verification procedures, clear contractual provisions, dissemination of information, fulfillment of crew rights, monitoring, complaint mechanisms, and mediation. However, several manageable obstacles remain, particularly concerning administrative completeness, communication and understanding of contractual provisions, structural and operational factors, complaint procedures, and inter-institutional coordination. The study concludes that strengthening Sea Employment Agreement effectiveness requires an integrated strategy involving standardization of contractual provisions, continuous education, accessible complaint mechanisms, strengthened supervision and coordination, periodic evaluation, and digitalization. These measures can support more consistent, transparent, responsive, and sustainable legal protection for Indonesian crew members within the maritime employment and port service system.

Optimization of the Certification Process for Indonesian-Flagged Ships to Enhance Maritime Safety and Security at the Tanjung Priok Main Port Authority and Harbor Master Office (KSOP Utama Tanjung Priok)

2026-10-01T07:09:21+00:00

This study aims to analyze the implementation of certification for Indonesian-flagged ships at the Tanjung Priok Main Port Authority and Harbor Master Office (KSOP Utama Tanjung Priok), identify the constraints encountered, examine its contribution to maritime safety and security, and formulate optimization efforts. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation involving relevant parties in the certification process. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings indicate that ship certification at KSOP Utama Tanjung Priok generally operates according to established procedures, beginning with application and document verification, followed by technical inspection, corrective action for deficiencies, and certification issuance. Certification functions as a preventive control mechanism because identified deficiencies must be addressed before the certification process can proceed. However, several constraints remain, including administrative discrepancies, limitations in human resources, digital literacy among some ship operators and agents, system synchronization issues, and recurring deficiencies that indicate the need for stronger continuous compliance monitoring. Certification contributes to maritime safety and security by verifying seaworthiness, safety equipment, navigation and communication systems, security requirements, and pollution-prevention measures. Optimization efforts include strengthening guidance and assistance in the use of SIMKAPEL, developing deficiency-history tracking, harmonizing inspection schedules and certificate validity periods in accordance with PM No. 7 of 2024, improving digital integration and data interoperability, strengthening marine inspector competencies, and applying risk-based inspection. The study recommends an integrated optimization model based on five pillars: governance, process, people, technology, and safety assurance.

The Implementation Of Deep Learning Approach In Phase D Visual Art Education

2026-10-02T02:32:39+00:00

Visual art education in Phase D of the Merdeka Curriculum demands active student engagement across four core elements: experiencing, creating, reflecting, and impacting. However, instruction is still dominated by rigid, product-oriented surface learning, leading to artistic anxiety and highly imitative artwork. This descriptive-contextual qualitative study analyzes the implementation of the Deep Learning approach—encompassing Mindful, Meaningful, and Joyful Learning pillars—in Phase D Visual Art education at SMP Widiatmika Jimbaran. Subjects included Grade VIII students and the visual art teacher. Data gathered through classroom observations, portfolio documentation, reflective interviews, and student logs were analyzed using the interactive model by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. Findings reveal that Mindful Learning enhances focus during ideation. Meaningful Learning connects visual concepts with personal experiences and local wisdom to produce authentic creations. Meanwhile, Joyful Learning establishes a psychologically safe environment, reducing evaluation anxiety and encouraging technical experimentation. Overall, the Deep Learning approach effectively shifts the paradigm toward a holistic, contextual artistic experience while significantly enhancing the quality of students' aesthetic-visual expression

The GASING Method From The Perspective of Ki Hajar Dewantara's Educational Philosophy

2026-10-02T02:46:05+00:00

The decline in students’ numeracy achievement in Indonesia, as reflected in the 2022 PISA report, highlights the urgent need to improve mathematics learning strategies at the elementary level. One promising approach is the GASING Method (Easy, Fun, and Enjoyable) developed by Yohanes Surya, which offers a logical, gradual, and engaging way to teach mathematics. This study aims to examine the alignment between the GASING Method and Ki Hajar Dewantara’s educational philosophy, particularly in the context of the Merdeka Curriculum. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of ten selected articles, the findings reveal that the core principles of the among system—such as “Ing ngarsa sung tuladha, Ing madya mangun karsa, Tut wuri handayani”—are clearly embodied in the GASING approach. This method not only enhances students’ conceptual understanding of mathematics in a joyful and meaningful way but also fosters character development, confidence, and learner autonomy. The integration of this method with cooperative learning models and local cultural games further demonstrates its effectiveness in supporting a humanistic and contextualized educational experience. Therefore, GASING can be positioned as a relevant pedagogical strategy that strengthens the implementation of a national education system rooted in local values and aligned with the spirit of Merdeka Belajar

The Relationship Between Motivation and Medication Adherence Among Hypertensive Patients at the Internal Medicine Polyclinic of Kayu Agung Regional General Hospital in 2017

2026-10-02T02:58:57+00:00

Hypertension is a chronic disease characterised by increased systemic arterial blood pressure, either systolic or diastolic. Poor adherence to antihypertensive medication is one of the risk factors for hypertensive crisis, which may cause acute target organ damage and increase mortality. This study aimed to determine the relationship between motivation and medication adherence among hypertensive patients at the Internal Medicine Clinic of Kayu Agung Regional General Hospital, Ogan Komering Ilir. This analytical survey used a cross-sectional design. The population and sample consisted of 69 hypertensive patients treated at the Internal Medicine Clinic of Kayu Agung Regional General Hospital. The results showed that individual motivation, family support motivation, social support motivation, healthcare provider support motivation, and communication tool support motivation were simultaneously associated with medication adherence among hypertensive patients. This study recommends strengthening health education and family motivation to improve adherence to antihypertensive medication.

The Effectiveness of Corporate Governance in Curbing Greenwashing: The Moderating Role of Profitability in Energy Sector Companies

2026-10-02T03:31:25+00:00

This study examines the effectiveness of corporate governance in curbing greenwashing and investigates the moderating role of profitability among energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Using a quantitative explanatory design, the study analyzes 200 firm-year observations from 40 energy companies during 2020–2024 selected through purposive sampling. Data were obtained from annual and sustainability reports and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Corporate governance was measured through independent commissioners, board size, audit committee size, and board meeting frequency, while profitability was proxied by Return on Assets and greenwashing by the discrepancy between ESG disclosure and environmental performance. The results indicate that corporate governance has a significant negative effect on greenwashing (β = −0.347), while profitability also has a significant negative effect (β = −0.218). Furthermore, profitability significantly moderates the relationship between corporate governance and greenwashing (β = −0.163), strengthening the negative relationship. The model explains 32.6% of greenwashing variance and demonstrates predictive relevance. These findings highlight the complementary roles of governance mechanisms and financial capacity in reducing symbolic sustainability disclosure within the Indonesian energy sector context.

Leadership, Workplace Culture, and Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in Muslim Women-Owned Businesses

2026-10-02T03:41:16+00:00

To enhance business productivity and competitiveness, Muslim female entrepreneurs in Purbalingga Regency need to address challenges in human resource management. Adopting the perspective of workplace happiness, this quantitative study examines the influence of work culture and leadership on employee performance. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using the SEM-PLS method (SmartPLS 4). The findings reveal that work culture (0.530; p=0.000) and leadership (0.358; p=0.000) significantly influence increased job satisfaction. However, employee performance is not significantly influenced by corporate culture (0.110; p=0.369) or leadership (-0.041; p=0.694). Conversely, workplace happiness acts as a comprehensive mediator, significantly improving employee performance (0.504; p=0.000). The research model explains 31.8% of the variation in employee performance (R² = 0.318) and 68.5% of the variation in job satisfaction (R² = 0.685). In conclusion, leadership and work culture do not automatically boost employee performance; rather, job satisfaction serves as a necessary bridge. Muslim female entrepreneurs are advised to prioritize enhancing staff job satisfaction by adopting trustworthy leadership approaches and fostering a supportive Islamic work culture.

Analysis of Climate Types in Several Regencies in South Sumatra Based on the Schmidt–Ferguson and Oldeman Classifications

2026-10-03T01:48:30+00:00

Rainfall-based climate classification is important to describe regional climate characteristics and support agricultural planning in tropical regions. This study aims to identify and map climate types in seven districts/cities in South Sumatra Province using the Schmidt–Ferguson and Oldeman classifications based on rainfall data for the 1995–2025 period. Monthly rainfall data from seven BMKG rainfall stations is used as the primary dataset, while Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Version 8 (GSMaP V8) data is used to fill in missing data (gap filling). Gap filling is carried out by extracting GSMaP data using the nearest-neighbor method. The gap filling process, integration with rainfall station observation data, and the climate classification process use the Python programming language on the Google Colab platform. The Schmidt–Ferguson classification is based on the ratio between dry months (BK) and wet months (BB), whereas the Oldeman classification considers the sequence of wet months (BB) and dry months (BK). The results of the study showed that the Schmidt–Ferguson classification produces Very Wet and Wet climate types. The Very Wet climate type is found in Musi Banyuasin Regency, East OKU Regency, South OKU Regency, and Pagar Alam City, while Ogan Ilir Regency, OKI Regency, and Muara Enim Regency are classified as Wet. The Oldeman classification results in climate type CI in Musi Banyuasin Regency, Muara Enim Regency, South OKU Regency, and Pagar Alam City, type C2 in East OKU Regency, and type D2 in Ogan Ilir Regency and OKI Regency. Spatially, wetter conditions are generally found in the southern and southwestern parts of South Sumatra, while the central and eastern lowland areas show shorter wet periods.

History of Islamic Education During the Period of the Great Empires After the Collapse of Baghdad and Andalusia

2026-10-03T01:59:03+00:00

This article examines the dynamics and development of Islamic education during the period of the great empires after the fall of Baghdad (1258 AD) and Andalusia (1492 AD). In the context of Islamic history, the fall of these two centers of civilization did not end the intellectual tradition of Muslims, but rather became the momentum for a new revival in various regions such as the Seljuk, Mamluk, Ottoman, Mughal, and North African dynasties. This study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach. Data were obtained through a literature review, both from classical books and modern academic sources. The results of the study indicate that Islamic education during this period continued to play a vital role in maintaining the identity of Islamic scholarship, establishing a formal education system through madrasas, and producing great scholars such as Al-Ghazali and Ibn Khaldun

Madrasah Religious Activities as a Strategy for Internalizing Islamic Values in Facing the Current of Globalization among Students of MTS Nahdlatul Arifin Sumberjo Ambulu Jember

2026-10-03T02:46:17+00:00

Globalization and technological developments pose challenges to the formation of religious character in Islamic schools. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Islamic religious programs in Islamic schools as a strategy for internalizing Islamic values and their impact on protecting students from the currents of globalization at MTs Nahdlatul Arifin Sumberejo Ambulu Jember. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study type. The research subjects were determined through purposive sampling involving the headmaster, the deputy head of curriculum, the Akidah Akhlak teacher, and two students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was obtained through technical triangulation, source triangulation, and confirmability testing. The results showed that the Duha prayer program, morning assembly, recitation of Asmaul Husana, and recitation of Surah Al Waqiah were implemented routinely and were able to improve discipline, religious responsibility, worship habits, and positive behavior of students. The conclusion of the study confirms that religious programs are an effective strategy for internalizing Islamic values while strengthening students' religious character in facing the currents of globalization.

The Challenges Of Modernity And Religious Values In Muslim Women Characters In The Novels Merindu Cahaya De Amstel By Arumi Ekowati And 172 Days By Nadzira Shafa

2026-10-03T04:45:44+00:00

Women's issues have been a compelling theme in literary works, especially when connected to the challenges of modernity and religious values. This study analyzes Muslim female characters in two novels, Merindu Cahaya De Amstel by Arumi Ekowati and 172 Days by Nadzira Shafa , both of which portray distinct yet similarly rooted stuggles within contemporary life. The aim of this research is to identify the forms of modernity challenges faced by the female Muslim characters in the two novels and to describe the religious values reflected through their experience. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with reading and note-taking techniques to collect relevant data. The findings reveal that the religious values depicted in both novels encompass four essential relationships: the relationship between humans and God, between humans and others, with oneself, and with the surrounding environment. The modernity challenges in 172 Days include early marriage preparation, adaptation to domestic life, and coping with the loss of aspouse . Meanwhile, Missing Cahya De Amstel highlights the influence of western culture and technological development, which shapes attitudes toward women's clothing and leads to issues such as objectification and harassment. Both novels illustrate efforts of Muslim women to uphold religious values amid the pressures of modern change.

Portrait Quality Learning at the Activity Center Learning about the "Hope" Community of Tanjung Raja

2026-10-03T04:45:42+00:00

Study This aim For evaluate in a way comprehensive quality learning at the Tanjung Raja "Harapan" Community Learning Center (PKBM) in mitigate number separated school through learning models throughout life . Methodology used is approach qualitative descriptive , where researchers act as instrument main For explore the meaning behind phenomenon non-formal education in environment naturally . Data collected in a way systematic through a series procedure including interview in-depth , observation participants , and studies documentation For serve description narrative factual . Research results identify that quality service influenced by the gap infrastructure , competence source Power humans , and perception social culture society . However Thus , the implementation pedagogy participatory and curriculum based local is variables key in guard quality learning . Research This conclude that strengthening synergy between administrators, authorities government and society very basic local For spur transformation social and independence economy students . The output of study This projected can become instrument evaluation strategic in formulate standard quality inclusive and sustainable non-formal education in Indonesia.

Analyzing the Impact of Mining Equipment Electrification on Energy Security in Indonesia's Coal Mining Sector: A Strategic and Economic Assessment

2026-10-03T04:35:29+00:00

Heavy equipment electrification offers significant potential to reduce the coal mining sector’s dependence on diesel fuel. However, its feasibility hinges on production demands, energy costs, infrastructure readiness, and technology supply chains. This study evaluates the strategic and economic impacts of heavy equipment electrification on Indonesia's coal mining energy security. Using case studies, coal hauling was modeled using the electric SANY SYZ445C-8LRBEVR against diesel counterparts under a national baseline scenario (700 Mt/year production, 30 km haulage, and 40-tonne payload). A secondary comparison evaluated overburden transport using the hybrid SANY SRT100S against the conventional Komatsu HD785-7. At a 2.5-hour cycle time, annual energy demands reach 2.10 TWh for electric hauling versus 700 million liters of diesel, yielding estimated energy costs of USD 181.6 million and USD 1.146 billion, respectively. Sensitivity remains high toward cycle time, energy prices, payload, and utilization rates. For overburden transport, the hybrid SRT100S yields over 15% fuel savings. While electrification enhances energy security via diversification, national-level viability depends on grid reliability, charging infrastructure, local maintenance capabilities, and supply chain governance. A phased, duty-cycle-based adoption strategy supported by standard infrastructure and Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) evaluation is recommended.

Improving Students’ Long Jump Skills Through Game-Based Learning

2026-10-03T04:50:32+00:00

Long jump learning in schools requires students to master the techniques of approach, take-off, flight, and landing in a coordinated manner. However, less varied learning activities may result in suboptimal student engagement and technical skill mastery. This study aimed to improve long jump skills through game-based learning. The study employed Classroom Action Research using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research was conducted in two cycles, with one meeting in each cycle, involving Grade XII students of SMAN 1 Semarang. Data were collected through student activity observations and long jump skill tests. Game-based learning was implemented through modified games, including jumping over colored obstacles, graded-distance jumping competitions, and jumping relays. The results showed an increase in student learning activity across all observation indicators. The long jump skill test results indicated improvement in all six technical indicators from Cycle I as the pretest to Cycle II as the posttest, with score increases ranging from 1.13 to 1.40 points. The highest improvement occurred in the approach/start position and body balance after landing, each increasing by 1.40 points. Thus, game-based learning demonstrated an improvement in students' long jump technical skills and learning activities. The educational implication of this study is that game-based learning can provide an active and enjoyable alternative for physical education instruction and support athletic skill development through structured game activities

The Curriculum Formation of the Nizhamiyah Madrasah Baghdad: Power Relations, Sunni Orthodoxy, and the Production of Islamic Knowledge in the 11th Century

2026-10-03T09:00:17+00:00

This article examines the formation of the curriculum of the Nizhamiyah Madrasa in Baghdad in relation to power relations, Sunni orthodoxy, and the production of Islamic knowledge in the eleventh century. The study departs from the argument that curriculum is not a neutral pedagogical arrangement but a historical construction shaped by political patronage, institutional selection, and configurations of scholarly authority. Using qualitative library research and an intellectual-history approach, this article analyzes classical and modern sources on the Seljuq polity, Nizam al-Mulk, the madrasa institution, and the development of Islamic learning in medieval Baghdad. The findings indicate that the Nizhamiyah of Baghdad, founded under the patronage of Nizam al-Mulk in 1065 and inaugurated in 1067, functioned not merely as a center of instruction but also as a strategic institution for consolidating Sunni orthodoxy, especially Shafi'i jurisprudence and Ash'ari theology. Its curriculum privileged legal-religious sciences while subordinating other branches of knowledge, thereby shaping legitimate knowledge, stabilizing doctrinal authority, and reproducing scholarly elites aligned with the Seljuq-Abbasid political order. The article argues that the curriculum of classical Islamic education should be read as an arena in which pedagogy, political authority, and the production of religious legitimacy intersect.

Implementation of Social Assistance Policy for Poverty Reduction in Sleman Regency Special Region of Yogyakarta

2026-10-03T09:15:33+00:00

Declining poverty in Sleman Regency must be assessed alongside the quality of social assistance implementation, particularly as beneficiary databases and program rules change. This study analyzes the implementation of social assistance policy, identifies problems at the interfaces between service stages, and proposes improvements that can be monitored. It uses a qualitative document-based case study supported by a descriptive analysis of poverty indicators. The primary empirical corpus comprises nine sources from 2023-2026, supplemented by historical sources and scholarly literature. Thematic analysis applies the Van Meter and Van Horn model and the concept of administrative burden. BPS data show that the poverty rate fell from 7.46% in March 2024 to 6.71% in March 2025; the poverty gap index declined from 1.21 to 0.76, and the poverty severity index from 0.27 to 0.14. Local documents describe the role of PKH facilitators, data updates through kalurahan deliberation forums, and the development of digital services. The available evidence is insufficient to determine how quickly data corrections are resolved, whether all benefit deliveries reach the intended recipients, or whether welfare gains persist after graduation. Changes in aggregate poverty indicators also cannot be causally attributed to social assistance. The study concludes that implementation improvements should focus on tracing proposals through to decisions, providing accessible grievance channels, and tailoring assistance to beneficiaries' circumstances. Its contribution lies in connecting institutional analysis with beneficiaries' service pathways during the transition to DTSEN. The recommendations include recording proposal processing times, reconciling benefit delivery, and monitoring households after graduation while distinguishing administrative changes from genuine improvements in welfare.

Implementation Strategy For The Free Nutritious Meal (Mbg) Program In West Bandung Regency: A Case Study Of Cipongkor Nutrition Services Unit (Sppg)

2026-10-03T09:27:40+00:00

Background: Balanced nutrition fulfillment is the fundamental foundation for human resource development. West Bandung Regency (KBB) faces critical challenges, including an increase in stunting prevalence from 25.1% (2023) to 30.8% (2024)—the highest in West Java—alongside a high incidence of food poisoning during the initial implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) program. This condition highlights the urgent need for a comprehensive evaluation of MBG program governance. Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors causing imbalance and inefficiency in the implementation of the MBG program in KBB and to formulate improvement strategies. Method: This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach by applying Edward III's policy implementation theoretical framework (Communication, Resources, Disposition, and Bureaucratic Structure). Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants (BGN/KPPG, local government/Task Force, Health Office, Education Office, Cipongkor SPPG managers, nutritionists, and beneficiaries), field observations, and document analysis. Source and technique triangulation were used to validate the data. Results: Program implementation in KBB demonstrates strengthened inter-organizational communication through tiered channels and a clear mapping of the bureaucratic structure between the local government's supervisory authority and BGN Central's executive/sanction authority. The Food Poisoning Outbreak (KLB) served as a turning point that elevated the disposition and commitment of implementers to enforce hygiene standards and accelerate Sanitary Hygiene Certificates (SLHS). However, program effectiveness remains constrained by resource limitations, such as SPPG kitchen layouts failing to meet the "one-flow system" standard, limited oversight due to a low personnel ratio, logistical challenges in remote areas, and financial losses for partners caused by raw material price fluctuations without reimbursement mechanisms. Conclusion: The implementation of MBG in KBB requires operational and regulatory refinements. It is recommended that BGN provide menu flexibility based on local food and budget adjustments; local governments recruit Food Safety Specialists and form supply chain audits; and SPPGs add dedicated logistics fleets for remote areas to guarantee food safety and timely delivery.

Deconstructing Conflict into Symbolic Reconciliation: An Intergroup Contact Theory Perspective on the Topat War Tradition in Lingsar

2026-10-03T09:36:53+00:00

Ethnic and religious diversity in Indonesia offers substantial social capital, but it also poses the risk of inter-community friction if not managed through constructive interaction mechanisms. This study aims to analyze how the Perang Topat tradition in Lingsar, West Lombok, facilitates intergroup contact between the Sasak Muslim and Balinese Hindu communities, and to synthesize its contributions to fostering tolerance, social cohesion, and community resilience. Using a qualitative literature review design supplemented by content analysis based on the Iterative Categorization (IC) framework, this study critically synthesizes contemporary academic literature and local historiography. Gordon Allport’s Theory of Intergroup Contact serves as the primary analytical lens. The findings indicate that the Topat War fulfills four conditions of optimal contact according to Allport: equal status among traditional actors; a shared goal of maintaining village harmony and agrarian rituals; intergroup cooperation in ritual logistics; and institutional support endorsed by local cultural and religious leaders. This cultural practice deconstructs the memory of historical conflict into symbolic and nonviolent reconciliation, serving as collective social therapy and catharsis. The resulting social resilience does not imply the complete absence of tension but rather represents the community’s relational capacity to navigate differences without erasing distinct religious identities. Ultimately, this study highlights the pedagogical value of local wisdom in enriching civic education to foster contextually relevant civic virtues.

Techno-Institutional Fit in Aceh Patchouli Downstream Industry: Technology Absorptive Capacity and Cooperative Pentahelix Innovation Ecosystem

2026-10-03T09:54:48+00:00

This conceptual study develops a techno-institutional fit model for cooperative-based downstream development of patchouli oil in Aceh, Indonesia. It asks how collaboration among innovation actors could support the organizational learning required to translate technology access into downstream value. The study synthesizes the institutional narrative reported for Aceh's patchouli industry with absorptive-capacity and pentahelix literature. Its evidence consists of reported planning priorities, stakeholder labels, and descriptions of value-chain constraints, rather than independently audited implementation records or cooperative-level measurements. The synthesis identifies four analytical themes: interdependent technical and institutional constraints; a planning sequence linking institutional development and processing innovation; differences in stakeholder classification; and insufficiently specified responsibilities for cooperative learning. Differences between actor labels do not, by themselves, establish the exclusion of cooperative members, while counts of assigned tasks cannot establish institutional effectiveness. The proposed model links pentahelix collaboration to knowledge acquisition and assimilation, then to transformation and exploitation, with techno-institutional fit supporting the conversion of knowledge into organizational practice. Three propositions specify relationships for subsequent empirical investigation. The contribution is a bounded explanation of how cooperative learning routines, member representation, and complementary actor responsibilities could connect innovation support to downstream outcomes. Policy implications emphasize pairing suitable technical investment with capacity-building and accountable follow-up, rather than replacing technical intervention with additional administrative mandates. The model remains a conceptual proposition requiring verification against authenticated documents and cooperative-level evidence.

How Does Performance Management System Contribute to Employee Performance?

2026-10-06T05:01:03+00:00

Performance management systems (PMS) are expected to improve employee performance; however, empirical evidence from 2020–2026 is dispersed across the fields of human resource management, management accounting, and public administration, leaving the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions insufficiently mapped. This study aims to map research characteristics, the theories employed, the mechanisms linking PMS to employee performance, boundary conditions, and directions for future research. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A total of 150 articles were mapped, and 30 core articles from reputable journals published by Emerald, Taylor & Francis, SAGE, Springer, Wiley, and Elsevier were thematically synthesized. The findings indicate that PMS influences employee performance primarily through indirect mechanisms involving work engagement, motivation, psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and trust. This relationship may be non-linear and depends on leadership, organizational culture, sectoral context, and the manner in which technology is implemented.

Corporate Social Responsibility And Performance Corporate Finance

2026-10-06T12:50:38+00:00

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is increasingly seen as part of a company's strategy that can bring both social and economic benefits. But research on the link between CSR and a company's financial performance is still mixed, so we need a synthesis to understand the mechanisms and conditions behind that relationship. This study aims to analyze the development of literature on the CSR-financial performance link, identify value-creation mechanisms and contextual factors, and develop an integrated conceptual framework. The study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by looking through relevant academic articles and selecting them based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was analyzed through narrative and thematic synthesis. Findings show that the relationship between CSR and financial performance isn't always direct or consistent. CSR can provide financial benefits through corporate reputation, stakeholder reciprocation, risk mitigation, and innovation capacity. These relationships are also influenced by corporate governance, company characteristics, industry, economic conditions, and institutional environment. Integrating Stakeholder Theory, Legitimacy Theory, Signaling Theory, Agency Theory, and the Resource-Based View shows that the strategic value of CSR depends on a company's ability to turn social and environmental activities into resources and capabilities that create value. This study produces a conceptual framework and research propositions that can serve as a basis for empirical testing in future research.

Enhancing Early Childhood Character Education Values through the Practice Method: A Classroom Action Research Study

2026-10-06T13:11:21+00:00

Character education in early childhood has become an increasingly urgent global concern in response to rising behavioral and social problems, including low discipline, independence, responsibility, and cooperation among children. Preliminary observations in Group B of TK Alam Al Khair, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, revealed that most children remained in the Not Yet Developed (BB) and Beginning to Develop (MB) categories, with only 17% reaching the Developing as Expected (BSH) or Very Well Developed (BSB) categories. This study aimed to improve children's character-education values through a structured, repeated practice (drill) method. A descriptive-qualitative approach combined with a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design following the Kemmis and McTaggart model was employed across two cycles, each comprising planning, acting, observing, and reflecting phases. Participants were 20 children of Group B at TK Alam Al Khair. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using combined qualitative-descriptive and quantitative-descriptive techniques, further strengthened by normalized gain (N-gain) analysis. The results showed that the practice method significantly improved children's character values: the combined BSH+BSB percentage rose from 17% at pre-cycle to 46% in Cycle I and 82% in Cycle II, exceeding the 80% success threshold. Improvements were evident across religious values, independence, discipline, responsibility, and cooperation, with N-gain scores for all five indicators falling in the high-effectiveness category (g > 0.70). The practice method, particularly when combined with visual reinforcement (achievement stars) and contextual, nature-based group projects, proved effective for strengthening character-education values among early childhood learners

Learning Management Effectiveness and Student Academic Achievement: The Sequential Effects of Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation

2026-10-10T22:44:28+00:00

This study examines learning management effectiveness and its relationship with student academic achievement through a sequential process involving student understanding, learning planning, learning implementation, and learning evaluation. A quantitative explanatory design was employed with 200 elementary school teachers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. The results showed that Student Understanding significantly influenced Learning Planning (β = 0.878, p < .001), Learning Planning significantly influenced Learning Implementation (β = 0.847, p < .001), and Learning Implementation significantly influenced Learning Evaluation (β = 0.841, p < .001). Learning Planning (β = 0.366, p < .001), Learning Implementation (β = 0.280, p < .001), and Learning Evaluation (β = 0.222, p = .001) significantly influenced Student Academic Achievement, whereas the direct effect of Student Understanding was not significant (β = 0.098, p = .148). The complete sequential pathway from Student Understanding through Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation to Student Academic Achievement was significant, indicating that learner-related information contributes to achievement primarily when translated into coordinated managerial actions. The model explained 83.5% of the variance in Student Academic Achievement. These findings strengthen a process-oriented perspective of educational management by demonstrating that learning effectiveness depends on the continuity of planning, implementation, and evaluation rather than on isolated instructional activities.

CIPP-Based Evaluation of an Education Quality Assurance Program for Grade 10 at a Private Senior High School in Tangerang

2026-10-07T08:06:13+00:00

This article examines a Grade 10 academic transition program at one anonymized private senior high school in Tangerang through the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model. The evaluation report summarizes questionnaires from 40 students, focus groups with eight students and four teachers, two leadership interviews, 12 program documents, work samples, and academic records. Numeracy and mathematical reasoning had the lowest reported questionnaire mean (M = 3.21 on a five-point scale). Work samples indicated that modelling, justification, inference, and evidence-based argumentation were less consistently demonstrated than routine procedures or retrieval of explicit information. Assessment and academic support were available, while readiness criteria and intervention review procedures were less clearly established. The report documents support for 12 of 14 identified students; the other two had unspecified support status. Higher follow-up mean scores were reported in mathematics and literacy, but assessment comparability cannot be established from the available materials. The evaluative judgment is to continue the program while strengthening shared readiness criteria, targeted support for reasoning, and documented progress review. Findings remain descriptive and do not establish a causal program effect.

Research Trends In Good University Governance At Private Higher Education Institutions Following Mergers: A Bibliometric Analysis For 2015–2026

2026-10-07T08:31:04+00:00

This study aims to map research trends on good university governance (GUG) in the context of university mergers using a bibliometric analysis approach. Data were sourced from Scopus and Google Scholar via Publish or Perish, covering the period 2015–2026. A total of 36 scientific documents were identified and analyzed using VOSviewer and R Bibliometrix. The analysis covers annual scientific output, average citations per year, the most productive authors, keyword co-occurrence analysis, and research cluster mapping. Results show a highly significant upward trend in publications from 2024 to 2026, peaking at 14 articles in 2026. The highest average citations occurred in 2019–2020 at 16.5 citations per article. The most productive author is CG Lirios with 2 documents. Keyword co-occurrence analysis reveals four main research clusters: (1) institutional- -governance and higher education policy, (2) sustainable development and adaptive innovation, (3) digital transformation, and (4) sustainability of institutional services. These findings provide a comprehensive picture of research developments and gaps at GUG following the merger, serving as a basis for future research in Indonesia.

Implementation Of International Maritime Organization Standards In Seaworthiness Supervision Of Indonesian-Flagged Vessels At The Tanjung Priok Main Port Authority Office

2026-10-07T13:35:56+00:00

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing International Maritime Organization (IMO) standards in supervising the seaworthiness of Indonesian-flagged vessels at the Tanjung Priok Main Port Authority Office (KSOP), identify the inhibiting factors, and analyze the efforts undertaken by KSOP to ensure compliance with seaworthiness requirements. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study at the Tanjung Priok Main Port Authority Office. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results indicate that the implementation of IMO standards is in very good condition. Its effectiveness is reflected in the use of international standards as a reference for inspections, the integration of vessel documents with actual vessel conditions, inspector competence, coordination among stakeholders, digital system support, and the implementation of corrective actions and follow-up verification. The inhibiting factors include time constraints, variations in the quality and completeness of vessel documents, the need for continuous human resource competency development, multi-stakeholder coordination, and the need for data integration. KSOP's efforts include administrative and technical verification, recording inspection findings, corrective actions, follow-up verification, utilization of information systems, strengthening marine inspector competence, and implementing risk-based inspections. The study recommends strengthening SOPs, data integration, inspector competence, coordination, and continuous improvement to maintain sustainable compliance and enhance maritime safety.

Implementation Of The Indonesian Government's Policy In Supervising The Seaworthiness Of Ships Based On George Edward III's Policy/Module At The Tanjung Priok Main Port Authority And Harbor Master's Office

2026-10-07T14:06:51+00:00

This study examines the implementation of the Indonesian Government’s policy in supervising ship seaworthiness at the Tanjung Priok Main Port Authority and Harbor Master’s Office (KSOP Utama Tanjung Priok). The study aims to analyze policy implementation based on George C. Edwards III’s four dimensions: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure; identify supporting and inhibiting factors; and examine efforts to overcome implementation barriers. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study strategy. Data were collected through interviews, observations, documentation, and literature review, and analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings indicate that policy implementation is categorized as very good, supported by structured communication, adequate human resources and facilities, strong personnel commitment, clear standard operating procedures, defined authority, information systems, and inter-unit coordination. However, several operational constraints remain, including workload, limitations in human resources and infrastructure, incomplete documents, coordination challenges, and fragmented data. Efforts to address these barriers include strengthening communication and socialization, improving personnel competence, optimizing information systems, enhancing coordination, adjusting task distribution, and strengthening follow-up on inspection findings. These measures support more consistent, accountable, and effective seaworthiness supervision across maritime safety and port services.

Internalizing Arabic Vocabulary through Independent Written Exercises for Elementary School Transition Readiness

2026-10-08T01:42:01+00:00

This study aims to describe the process of internalizing Arabic vocabulary in early childhood through routine independent written exercises as an effort to build academic transitional readiness for elementary school. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study involved 10 children aged 6 to 7 years at the Rumah Smart Nada Syifa non-formal institution. Data were collected through participatory observation, portfolio documentation, in-depth interviews, and cognitive achievement evaluation (post-test) consisting of five task variations. The results showed that routine independent written exercises were able to improve children's graphomotor flexibility from rigid to neater and more proportional. The synergy between classroom practice and stimulus reinforcement through homework proved effective in locking children's memory retention, with the cumulative average score of the learning group reaching 95.36. The practical implications of this teaching method provide a tangible contribution to building children's mental and academic readiness during the transition phase toward elementary school.

Gender Construction and Fertility: Exploring the Relationship between Socioeconomic Conditions and Family Size

2026-10-08T07:56:06+00:00

This study examines the construction of gender and fertility, focusing on the relationship between socioeconomic conditions, reproductive decision-making, and family multiplicity in Surabaya. The research is motivated by the fact that fertility decisions are influenced not only by economic considerations but also by gender norms, partner relationships, cultural values, and women's bargaining power within the family. The study used a mixed methods approach, collecting data through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, with the criteria being married women, residing in Surabaya, and having more than two children. The initial data collection involved six women with three to four children. Quantitative analysis was conducted descriptively, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis based on a sociological gender perspective. The results showed that the decision to have many children was not always a woman's initial preference. Some respondents stated that they wanted two children but later had an unplanned third or fourth child. Husbands or partners were the most frequently mentioned parties in the decision to have many children. Furthermore, 83.3% of respondents cited the value of "many children, much fortune" as a factor influencing fertility decisions. The findings show that the relationship between economic conditions and fertility is complex, economics and poverty are not the main determinants, but rather popular cultural values dominate women's decisions to have many children.

Fashion Students’ Adaptation to Resources by Utilization in the Digital Learning Era: A Phenomenological Study

2026-10-08T21:27:09+00:00

Digital transformation expands students' access to learning resources outside of the sources formally provided by the institution. This condition requires students to be able to adapt in selecting, combining, evaluating, and utilizing various digital resources according to learning needs. This study aims to describe the process of adaptation of Fashion Education students to resources by utilization, the foundation of self-regulation and critical awareness in their utilization, as well as the results obtained in independent learning. The research uses a qualitative approach with a transcendental phenomenological design. The participants consisted of seven students of the Fashion Studies Program of Yogyakarta State University who were selected purposively based on their experience using various digital learning resources. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and field notes, then analyzed using Moustakas' phenomenological procedures through horizontalization, identification of invariant constituents, thematic grouping, and synthesis of experience descriptions. The results of the study showed that adaptation took place cyclically and iteratively, starting from learning needs gaps, resource exploration, resource selection and combination, evaluation and verification, integration and application, and reflection that can give rise to the next learning need. Self-regulation and critical awareness are the cornerstones in managing the diversity of sources, while the successful use of resources enriches insights, supports the application of knowledge in practice and work, and strengthens independent learning. The study concludes that adaptation to resources by utilization is the process of building and managing a personal learning ecosystem in an adaptive and reflective manner in Fashion Learning.

The Role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG), Green Accounting, and Earnings Management in Enhancing Firm Value: A Systematic Literature Review with Institutional Ownership as a Moderating Variable

2026-10-08T21:42:02+00:00

This study aims to analyze the role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG), green accounting, and earnings management in enhancing firm value and to identify the potential role of institutional ownership as a moderating mechanism. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. The literature was obtained from international academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Emerald Insight, covering publications from 2021 to 2026. Based on the identification, screening, full-text assessment, and quality evaluation processes, 50 international journal articles met the predetermined criteria. The findings indicate that ESG generally contributes positively to firm value through improved corporate reputation, investor confidence, risk reduction, legitimacy, and access to funding sources. Green accounting plays an important role in enhancing environmental information transparency, accountability, and corporate sustainability. In contrast, opportunistic earnings management may reduce information credibility and market confidence, thereby potentially hindering firm value creation. The literature synthesis also indicates that institutional ownership has the potential to strengthen the effects of ESG and green accounting on firm value through its monitoring function while potentially limiting opportunistic managerial behavior. However, variations in the measurement of ESG, green accounting, earnings management, and firm value, as well as differences in regulatory environments and country characteristics, contribute to diverse findings across previous studies. This study contributes by integrating these four aspects into a comprehensive conceptual framework and identifying opportunities for future empirical research.

The Influence Of Teacher Emotional Support And Parental Emotional Support On The Social Resilience Of Third-Grade Students At Sdn Inpres Vim Ii In Jayapura City, Papua

2026-10-09T13:03:36+00:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of teacher emotional support and parental emotional support on the social resilience of third-grade students at SDN Inpres VIM II, Jayapura City, Papua. This research uses a quantitative approach with an associative correlational type. The population of the study includes all third-grade students in the 2025/2026 academic year, totaling 65 students. The sampling technique used is total sampling (saturated sampling), so all members of the population are used as research samples. Data were collected through questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability, and then analyzed using multiple linear regression to determine the influence both partially and simultaneously. The results show that partially, teacher emotional support has a positive and significant effect on children’s social resilience (t = 2.969; Sig. = 0.005). Similarly, parental emotional support has a positive and significant effect on children’s social resilience (t = 2.745; Sig. = 0.008). Simultaneously, both variables significantly affect social resilience (F = 3.811; Sig. = 0.003), with a contribution of 64.4% (R² = 0.644), while the remaining 35.6% is influenced by factors outside the model. These findings confirm that both teacher and parental emotional support, at school and at home, play an important role in shaping children’s social resilience, in line with Bronfenbrenner’s ecological development theory.

Analysis of Digital Financial Literacy, Digital Financial Inclusion, and Digital ZISWAF on Financial Planning Among Muslim Families in Jabodetabek

2026-10-11T03:49:50+00:00

This study examines the effects of digital financial literacy, digital financial inclusion, and digital ZISWAF on financial planning among Muslim families in Jabodetabek. A quantitative approach was employed using online questionnaires, with data analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS software. The results indicate that digital financial literacy (β = 0.192; p = 0.334) and digital financial inclusion (β = 0.141; p = 0.517) have positive but insignificant effects on financial planning. Conversely, digital ZISWAF demonstrates a positive and significant effect (β = 0.562; p < 0.001). The model explains 66.9% of the variance in family financial planning. These findings highlight the importance of integrating Islamic social finance instruments into digital financial management. The study provides practical implications for financial institutions, policymakers, and Muslim families in strengthening sustainable, responsible, and Sharia-compliant household financial planning practices in the digital era.

Reconstruction of Sigmund Freud’s Concept of Intrapsychic Conflict from an Islamic Psychology Perspective: Implications for Islamic Guidance and Counseling

2026-10-11T03:59:03+00:00

This article examines the concept of intrapsychic conflict within Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, evaluates its compatibility and tensions with the anthropological framework of Islamic psychology, and formulates its conceptual implications for Islamic Guidance and Counseling. This study employs a critical-comparative literature review approach by examining Freud’s primary works, Islamic psychology perspectives, and scholarly discussions on psychotherapy integration within Muslim contexts. The findings indicate that psychoanalytic concepts related to internal conflict, ego defense mechanisms, developmental experiences, and reflection on unconscious patterns may provide useful interpretative frameworks for counseling practices. However, Freud’s concepts of id, ego, and superego cannot be directly equated with Islamic psychological concepts such as nafs, aql, qalb, and ruh. Islamic psychological traditions incorporate dimensions of fitrah, moral responsibility, and transcendental orientation that are fundamentally different from Freud’s theoretical assumptions. Therefore, integration between Freud’s psychoanalysis and Islamic psychology requires conceptual caution and cannot be based solely on terminological similarities. This article proposes a six-stage integrative framework for Islamic counseling consisting of multidimensional assessment, collaborative conflict formulation, exploration of personal meaning, consent-based intervention, outcome evaluation, and professional referral when necessary.

Keywords: Intrapsychic conflict; Islamic psychology; Islamic counseling; personality

A Model for Integrating Environmental Care Values into Islamic Education Based on the Archipelagic Context of North Halmahera

2026-10-11T06:31:03+00:00

Environmental degradation in archipelagic regions, including marine plastic pollution, coral reef damage, and coastal abrasion, calls for Islamic education that connects religious values with local ecological realities. This study aims to describe how environmental care values are currently integrated into Islamic Religious Education (Pendidikan Agama Islam, PAI) in North Halmahera Regency and to design a contextual integration model grounded in the region's archipelagic characteristics. The study employed a Research and Development design adapted from the ADDIE model within a mixed-methods approach; this article reports the Analysis and Design stages. Data were collected from five PAI teachers, six school and madrasah principals, and six students through Likert-scale questionnaires, interviews, observation, and documentation. Teachers responded positively to environmental integration (mean = 4.17; 83.5%), school support was very high (4.65; 92.9%), and student responses were very high (4.69; 93.8%). Interviews indicate that values such as khalifah, amanah, mizan, and the prohibition of fasad are already taught, yet integration remains implicit, partial, and dependent on individual teachers' initiative, with limited contextual teaching materials, little teacher training, and unstructured attitude assessment. Based on these findings, an eight-stage model was designed: identifying local environmental problems, exploring environmental conditions, relating them to the Qur'an and Hadith, analyzing them through Islamic values, planning ecological action, taking action, reflecting, and evaluating knowledge, attitudes, and actions. The validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the model remain to be tested in the next stage.

The Effect of Using AI in Learning on Critical Thinking Skills Through Students’ Digital Literacy

2026-10-11T06:54:00+00:00

The increasing use of generative AI in university learning has raised important questions regarding its contribution to students’ cognitive development. Although applications such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude can facilitate personalized and efficient learning, their educational value may be constrained when students lack sufficient digital literacy. To investigate these relationships, this study employed a quantitative cross-sectional survey involving active university students with prior experience using generative AI for learning. Data were collected through a structured five-point Likert questionnaire and examined through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The analysis involved evaluating the measurement properties of the constructs, examining the structural model, and estimating both direct and mediated effects. The findings confirmed satisfactory measurement quality for AI use, digital literacy, and critical thinking. AI utilization was positively related to students’ critical thinking, but its direct effect was comparatively small. A considerably stronger association was observed between AI utilization and digital literacy. In turn, digital literacy was positively associated with critical thinking. The mediation results further indicate that the contribution of AI utilization to critical thinking operates partly through students’ level of digital literacy, suggesting that the development of digital competencies is an important pathway connecting AI-supported learning with higher-order cognitive skills. This suggests that the contribution of AI to students’ critical thinking is strengthened when students possess adequate digital literacy. Therefore, higher education institutions should integrate digital literacy development into AI-supported learning, particularly by strengthening students’ abilities to verify information, recognize potential algorithmic bias, and regulate their use of AI. In this way, AI can function as a tool that supports intellectual development rather than replacing students’ critical thinking processes.

Analysis of Food Independence in Rice Field Farmers Households in Tolotoyon Village, Pinolosian District

2026-10-11T07:14:25+00:00

This study aims to analyze food consumption patterns and the level of food self-sufficiency
among lowland rice farmer households in Tolotoyon Village, Pinolosian Subdistrict, South
Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The study was conducted from August to October 2025 using a
survey method and a quantitative descriptive approach. The sample consisted of 46 farmer
households selected by simple random sampling from a total population of 140. Data were
collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Food
consumption pattern analysis was conducted using the Food Recall method and the Energy
Adequacy Rate (EAR), whereas food self-sufficiency was analyzed using the Self-Sufficiency
Ratio (SSR) method. The findings showed that the food consumption pattern of lowland ricefarmer households in Tolotoyon Village was dominated by cereals, which accounted for 55% of
total energy intake. The average household food consumption reached 748 grams/capita/day
with an energy intake level of 2,096 kcal/capita/day, which was close to the national Energy
Adequacy Rate standard of 2,100 kcal/capita/day. In addition to rice, farmer households also
consumed corn, tubers, fish, eggs, vegetables, fruits, sugar, as well as tofu and tempeh as
additional sources of energy and nutrients. The SSR analysis showed a value of 231%,
indicating that the rice production of farmer households was more than sufficient to meet
their consumption needs. This condition demonstrates that lowland rice farmer households in
Tolotoyon Village can be categorized as food self-sufficient, as most of their rice requirements were fulfiled through their own production and their dependence on external food svas
telatively low
Keywords: Food Self-sufficiency; food consumption patterns; farmers households;
lowland rice; SSR.

Learning Motivation and Basketball Learning Outcomes: An Analysis of Their Relationship in Physical Education

2026-10-11T07:36:15+00:00

Learning motivation is an important aspect of the learning process in Physical Education, including basketball instruction. However, learning motivation does not always correspond directly to learning outcomes, as achievement may be influenced by various factors. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between learning motivation and basketball learning outcomes in Physical Education. A quantitative approach with a correlational research design was employed. The participants consisted of 36 tenth-grade students involved in basketball learning activities. Learning motivation data were obtained through observation and documentation, while learning outcomes were derived from students’ basketball learning scores. The data were analyzed descriptively to examine the characteristics of each variable, followed by Pearson correlation analysis to determine the relationship between learning motivation and learning outcomes. The results showed that the students’ mean learning motivation score was 76.94%, while the mean basketball learning outcome was 80.11. Pearson correlation analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.165 with a significance value of 0.337 (p > 0.05), indicating a very weak and statistically non-significant positive relationship between learning motivation and basketball learning outcomes. These findings suggest that relatively favorable levels of learning motivation do not sufficiently explain variations in students’ basketball learning outcomes. Therefore, basketball learning achievement may be associated with other factors beyond learning motivation that should be considered in Physical Education instruction.

Development of Islamic Religious Education Teaching Materials Integrated with Bayan Traditional Culture at SMAN 2 Bayan, Academic Year 2026

2026-10-12T02:49:54+00:00

Abstract

This study aimed to develop Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teaching materials integrated with Bayan customary culture at SMAN 2 Bayan and to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed product. The study employed Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model, consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Needs analysis was conducted through observation and interviews to identify limitations in PAI teaching materials that were not sufficiently connected learning content with the local social and cultural context of Bayan. The developed product was a PAI teaching material/module focusing on Islamic Cultural History and integrating relevant values and symbols of Bayan customary culture through a contextual learning approach. Validation involved material, cultural, and language experts. The validation results showed feasibility percentages of 81.42% for the material expert, 86.67% for the cultural expert, and 90.67% for the language expert, all categorized as highly feasible. A limited trial involving 15 students obtained an overall score of 48.89%, categorized as sufficient. The field trial involved 32 students. The mean pre-test score of 6.3125 increased to 8.1875 in the post-test. The Shapiro–Wilk test produced significance values of 0.240 for the pre-test and 0.086 for the post-test, while Levene's test produced a significance value of 0.867. The Paired Sample t-Test yielded a significance value of 0.003 (<0.05) with a mean difference of 1.875. The N-Gain value was 0.33, categorized as moderate. Therefore, the PAI teaching materials integrated with Bayan customary culture were considered highly feasible and demonstrated effectiveness in improving students' learning outcomes.

Keywords: Islamic Religious Education; Bayan customary culture; local wisdom; ADDIE; learning outcomes

Improving The Reading Comprehension Skills of Students with Learning Difficulties Through Scientific Learning Assisted by Big Book Media in Grade IV of Inclusive Elementary School

2026-10-12T06:26:34+00:00

Based on a document study of reading assessment results and observations of Indonesian language learning in grade IV of SDN 003 Kayan Hulu, information was obtained that the students' reading comprehension skills were still low. Out of 12 students, only 4 students (33.3%) had reached the Minimum Mastery Criterion (KKM) of 75, while 8 students (66.7%) had not yet reached the KKM. This classroom action research aims to improve students' reading comprehension skills through the application of scientific learning assisted by Big Book media. This research applied the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method with the Kemmis and McTaggart model design, which was conducted in two cycles. The research subjects involved 12 students. Data collection used learning outcome tests, observations, questionnaires, and documentation. The results of the research showed a very significant improvement in reading comprehension skills after being given action up to Cycle II. In the pre-cycle, the class average score on the initial assessment was 66.25 with a classical mastery of 33.33%. In Cycle I, the class average score increased to 74.16 with a classical mastery of 50%. After improving the learning action in Cycle II, the percentage of class classical mastery skyrocketed to 100% where all 12 students successfully exceeded the KKM threshold, and the class average spiked to reach 89.19 which falls into the excellent category. The application of scientific learning based on big book media is able to improve the reading comprehension skills of students with learning difficulties in grade IV of Inclusive Elementary School.

Teacher Factors Influencing Elementary Students’ Mathematics Learning Motivation: a PRISMA 2020 Systematic Review

2026-10-13T03:15:42+00:00

Elementary students’ mathematics learning motivation declines systematically across early schooling and predicts subsequent academic achievement, yet no prior systematic review has integrated the instructional, relational, emotional, and epistemological dimensions of teacher influence within a single framework. This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searching Scopus on 30 March 2025 using a PEO-based Boolean strategy; 531 unique records were screened, yielding 16 included studies whose methodological quality was appraised using MMAT 2018 and synthesized through thematic narrative synthesis. Findings indicate that autonomy-supportive instruction and formative assessment enhance intrinsic motivation, positive teacher-student relationships correlate with motivation while conflict and dependency undermine it, teacher mindfulness programs yield modest but causally demonstrated effects, and inquiry-oriented epistemological beliefs indirectly raise student motivation through teacher efficacy. An integrated four-channel model of teacher influence is proposed, providing an evidence base for teacher professional development programs that simultaneously target instructional, relational, emotional, and epistemological competencies, particularly relevant to Indonesia’s Kurikulum Merdeka reform.

Keywords: Elementary Education, Mathematics Learning Motivation, Self-Determination Theory, Systematic Literature Review, Teacher Factors

Physically Active Learning and Primary Students' Outcomes: A Bibliometric Science Mapping Study (2000–2026)

2026-10-13T03:35:06+00:00

This study presents a bibliometric analysis of Physically Active Learning (PAL) and its relationship with primary school students' learning outcomes. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no prior bibliometric study has exclusively focused on PAL as a pedagogical construct. Using the Scopus database (2000–2026), a modified PRISMA approach, and VOSviewer v.1.6.20, 1,001 articles from 374 journals were analyzed. The dataset yielded 21,897 citations, an h-index of 68, and a CAGR of 17.1% (2010–2025). Three temporal phases were identified: health-oriented foundation (2000–2010), pedagogical diversification (2011–2017), and expansion–consolidation (2018–2026). Thematic analyses suggest a gradual paradigm shift from PAL as a health intervention toward a pedagogically oriented strategy, reflected in the increasing prominence of embodied learning and movement integration. The United States dominates global production (45.1%), while Indonesia remains underrepresented (1.5%). This study proposes research directions for Indonesian scholars, including traditional game-based PAL interventions and Merdeka Belajar curriculum integration.

Keywords: Efficiency, Knowledge Management, Tax Administration, Tax Officer, Training